Chapter 5 & 6: Digestive System

Front 1

Cheeks

Back 1

bucc/o

Front 2

Lips

Back 2

cheil/o or

labi/o

Front 3

Hard Palate

Back 3

palat/o

Front 4

Soft Palate

Back 4

palat/o

Front 5

Uvula

Back 5

uvul/a

Front 6

Tongue

Back 6

lingu/o or

gloss/o

Front 7

Tonsils

Back 7

tonsill/o

Front 8

Gums

Back 8

gingiv/o

Front 9

Tooth

Back 9

dent/i or

odont/o

Front 10

or/o

Back 10

oral or pertaining to the mouth

Front 11

Rugae

Back 11

irregular ridges in the mucous membrane covering the anterior portion of the hard palate

Front 12

Mastication

Back 12

chewing

Front 13

Deglutition

Back 13

swallowing

Front 14

Papillae

Back 14

small raised areas on the tongue, contain taste buds that are sensitive to the chemical nature of foods and allow discrimination of different tastes as food moves across the tongue

Front 15

Enamel

Back 15

• the outermost layer

• protects the tooth

• the hardest tissue in the human body

Front 16

Dentin

Back 16

• the main substance of the tooth

• lies beneath the enamel and extends throughout the crown

Front 17

Pulp

Back 17

• lies underneath the dentin

• soft and delicate tissue fills the center of the tooth

• blood vessels, nerve endings, connective tissue, and lymphatic vessels within the pulp canal

Front 18

What are the three pairs of salivary glands?

Back 18

1. Parotid Gland

2. Sublingual Gland

3. Submandibular Gland

Front 19

What is saliva important?

Back 19

Not only does it lubricate your mouth, but it also contains important digestive enzymes as well as healinggrowth factors

Front 20

What are the parts of the small intestine?

Back 20

1. Duodenum

2. Jejunum

3. Ileum

Front 21

What are the parts of the large intestine?

Back 21

1. Cecum

2. Colon

3. Rectum

Front 22

amylase

Back 22

Enzyme (-ase) secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch (amyl/o)

Front 23

-ase

Back 23

enzymes are given names that end with -ase

Front 24

Eso-

Back 24

inward

Front 25

phag/o

Back 25

swallowing

Front 26

Glucose

Back 26

sugar

Front 27

Glycogen

Back 27

• starch

• glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in the liver cells

Front 28

Enzymes

Back 28

• chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances

• digestive enzymes break down complex foods to simpler substances

Front 29

Hydrochloric acid

Back 29

• substance produced in the stomach; necessary for the digestion of food

• has the pH of 1-2

Front 30

Insulin

Back 30

• hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas

• transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver

Front 31

Lipase

Back 31

pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

Front 32

Mastication

Back 32

chewing

Front 33

Peristalsis

Back 33

• rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs

• in the gastrointestinal tract, it moves the contents through a different rate

Front 34

Peri-

Back 34

surrounding

Front 35

-stalsis

Back 35

constriction

Front 36

Protease

Back 36

enzyme that digests protein

Front 37

Pulp

Back 37

soft, inner section of a tooth

Front 38

Bilirubin

Back 38

pigment released with bile

Front 39

Peristalsis

Back 39

• rhythm-like contraction of the muscles in the walls of the esophagus and other gastrointestinal (organs) tract

Front 40

Emulsification

Back 40

large breakdown of large fat globules

Front 41

Leukoplakia

Back 41

• white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth

• precancerous lesion can result from chronic tobacco use (pipe or chewing tobacco)

• malignant potential is assessed by microscopic study of biopsied tissue

Front 42

Esophageal Varices

Back 42

• swollen, varicosa veins at the lower end of the esophagus

• liver disease causes increased pressure in veins near and around the liver

Front 43

Rugae

Back 43

• series of ridgesproduced by folding of the wallof an organ.

• the function is to allowthe stomach toexpand whenneeded.

Front 44

Sphincter

Back 44

a ring of muscles

Front 45

Ascites

Back 45

• Abdomen symetrically distended secondary to fluid buildup in peritoneal cavity.

• Note bulging flanks as fluid distributes to most dependent areas of abdomen. Skin is also yellowed due to hyperbilirubinemia

Front 46

-emesis

Back 46

vomiting

Front 47

-ptysis

Back 47

spitting

Front 48

-rrhage, -rrhagia

Back 48

bursting forth (of blood)

Front 49

hemorrhage

Back 49

bursting forth of blood

Front 50

-rrhaphy

Back 50

suture

Front 51

herniorrhaphy

Back 51

suture from a hernia

Front 52

-rrhea

Back 52

flow discharge

Front 53

diarrrhea

Back 53

complete discharge

Front 54

gastrorrhagia

Back 54

a hemorrhage of the stomach

Front 55

hemoptysis

Back 55

spitting of blood

Front 56

hematemesis

Back 56

vomiting of blood

Front 57

-tresia

Back 57

opening

Front 58

-lithiasis

Back 58

condition of stones

Front 59

Choledocholithiasis

Back 59

gallstone in the common bile duct

Front 60

Ileitis

Back 60

cobblestoneappearance causedby inflammationdeep into bowel wallwith muscosaledema.

Front 61

Sialadenolithiasis

Back 61

• the classic presentation ofa submandibular stone ispain and swelling prior toor during meal • if diagnostic doubt thenstone can be demonstratedby sialogram

Front 62

Hepatomegaly

Back 62

enlarged liver

Front 63

-stomy

Back 63

new opening to form a mouth

Front 64

Anastomosis

Back 64

Surgical re-connection of the ends of the bowel after removal of a portion of the bowel.

Front 65

Esophageal atresia

Back 65

a congenital medical condition that causes causes the esophagus to end in a blind-ended pouch rather than connecting normally to the stomach

Front 66

Hemoccult test

Back 66

• test to detect occult (hidden) blood in feces

• important screening test for color cancer

Front 67

Gastrointestinal endoscopy

Back 67

visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using an endiscope

Front 68

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

Back 68

is a type of gastrointestinal endoscopy that physicians use by placing a flexible fiberoptic tube through the mouth or the anus to view parts of the gastrointestinal tract

Front 69

Polypectomy

Back 69

removal of polyp for microscopic tissue examination

Front 70

Nasogastric Intubuation

Back 70

• insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach

• (NG) is suctioning secretions from the patient's stomach and intestines

• used to remove fluid postoperatively and to obtain gastric or intestinal contents for analysis

• used on patients that have a twisted blocked intestine (ileus), and the suction relieved pressure so that the intestine unwound and decompressed without surgery

Front 71

Paracentesis

Back 71

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen

Front 72

BM

Back 72

Bowel Movement

Front 73

EGD

Back 73

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Front 74

GERD

Back 74

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Front 75

GI

Back 75

Gastrointestinal

Front 76

NG Tube

Back 76

Nasogastric Tube

Front 77

NPO

Back 77

nothing by mouth

Front 78

Stomat/o

Back 78

mouth

Front 79

Odont/o

Back 79

tooth

Front 80

Cheilosis

Back 80

• abnormal lip

• A condition characterized by dry scaling and fissuring of the lips, attributed by some clinicians to riboflavin deficiencies and other nutritional requirements.

Front 81

diverticula

Back 81

a pouch or sac formed by hernial protrusion of the mucous membrane through a defect in the muscular coat of the intestine/tubular organ

Front 82

Intussuception

Back 82

• is the enfolding of one segment of the intestine within another

• characterized and initially presents with recurring attacks of cramping abdominal pain that gradually become more painful.

Front 83

Cholecystectomy

Back 83

removal of gallbladder

Front 84

ileitis

Back 84

inflammation of the ileum

Front 85

Anastomosis

Back 85

• communication between two tubular organ

• surgical, traumatic, or pathologic formation of a connection between two normally distinct structures

Front 86

Stomatitis

Back 86

inflammation

Front 87

Calculi

Back 87

stones

Front 88

Gingivitis

Back 88

inflammation of the gums

Front 89

Periodontist

Back 89

a dentist who specializes in treating the supporting structures of the teeth.

surrounding tooth specialist

Front 90

-ectasis

Back 90

widening

Front 91

-stenosis

Back 91

narrowing

Front 92

Pyloric stenosis

Back 92

• refers to a narrowing of the passage between the stomach and the small intestine

• The condition, which affects infants during the first several weeks of life, can be corrected effectively with surgery.

Front 93

Stenosis

Back 93

tightening; stricture