Ch. 5 And 6 Integumentary And Digestive System

Front 1

adip/o

Back 1

fat

Front 2

kip/o

Back 2

fat

Front 3

steat/o

Back 3

fat

Front 4

cutane/o

Back 4

skin

Front 5

dermat/o

Back 5

skin

Front 6

derm/o

Back 6

skin

Front 7

Alopecia

Back 7

(Baldness - common name)

partial or complete loss of hair resulting from normal aging, an endocrine disorder, a drug reaction, anticancer medication, or a skin disease

Front 8

ecchymosis

Back 8

(Bruise - common name)

skin discoloration consisting of a large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colors changing from blue-black to greenish brown or yellow

Front 9

eschar

Back 9

damaged tissue following a severe burn

Front 10

pallor

Back 10

unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin

Front 11

petechia

Back 11

minute, pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin

Front 12

peptic ulcer

Back 12

(decubitus ulcer - also known as)

sore in the lining of the stomach or your duodenum, burning stomach pain is the most common symptom

Front 13

purpura

Back 13

any several bleeding disorders characterized by hemorrhage into the tissues, particularly beneath the skin or mucus membranes, producing eecymoses or petechiae

Front 14

bilirubin

Back 14

orange-colored or yellowish pigment in bile

Front 15

bolus

Back 15

food becomes when chewed, so you may swallow the intake

Front 16

sphincter

Back 16

circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body

Front 17

or/o

Back 17

stomach

Front 18

stomat/o

Back 18

stomach

Front 19

tongue - gloss/o; lingu/o

Back 19

assist in chewing via moving food into a bolus and toward the back of the mouth for swallowing (phagia)

Front 20

trachea - windpipe - trache/o

Back 20

leads to the lungs

Front 21

bucc/o

Back 21

cheek

Front 22

cheil/o

Back 22

lip

Front 23

labi/o

Back 23

lip

Front 24

teeth - dent/o; odont/o

Back 24

initial stage of digestion via mechanical breakdown (mastication)

Front 25

gingiv/o

Back 25

gums

Front 26

enter/o

Back 26

intestines

Front 27

col/o

Back 27

colon

Front 28

rect/o

Back 28

rectum

Front 29

proct/o

Back 29

anus, rectum

Front 30

an/o

Back 30

anus

Front 31

hepat/o

Back 31

kidney

Front 32

bil/o, chol/e

Back 32

bile, gall

Front 33

cholecyst/o

Back 33

gallbladder

Front 34

choledoch/o

Back 34

common bile duct

Front 35

emesis

Back 35

vomit

Front 36

iasis

Back 36

abnormal condition

Front 37

pepsia

Back 37

digestion

Front 38

diarrhea

Back 38

common condition that involves unusually frequent and liquid bowel movements

Front 39

fecal impaction

Back 39

a large lump of dry, hard stool that remains stuck in the rectum. It is most often seen in patients with long-term constipation

Front 40

pharynx

Back 40

passageway to the Respiratory and GI tracts and provides for speech sounds

Front 41

larynx

Back 41

(the voice box)

hollow muscular organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords in humans and other mammals

Front 42

epiglottis

Back 42

folds back to cover the trachea during swallowing. Other times it remains open for air to pass to the respiratory system

Front 43

mastication

Back 43

Mechanically breaking down food chewing

Front 44

chyme

Back 44

semi-liquid food

Front 45

pepsin

Back 45

the chief digestive enzyme in the stomach, which breaks down proteins into polypeptides

Front 46

rugae

Back 46

folds, that unfold as stomach fills. Here digestive glands produce hydrochloric acid to turn food into Chyme

Front 47

pyloric sphincter

Back 47

sphincter muscle of the pylorus that seperates the stomach from the duodenum

Front 48

gingivostomatitis

Back 48

inflammation of the gums and of the mouth

Front 49

jaundice

Back 49

medical condition with yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, arising from excess of the pigments bilirubin and typically caused by obstruction of the bile duct, by liver disease, or by excessive breakdown of red blood cells

Front 50

bile

Back 50

bitter greenish-brown alkaline fluid that aids digestion and is secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder

Front 51

icteric/icteris

Back 51

of, relating to, or affected with jaundice

Front 52

anti

Back 52

against

Front 53

circum

Back 53

around

Front 54

contra

Back 54

against, opposite

Front 55

epi

Back 55

above, upon

Front 56

hyper

Back 56

above, normal, excessive

Front 57

hypo

Back 57

below normal, decrease, deficient

Front 58

peri

Back 58

around

Front 59

sub

Back 59

under, below

Front 60

trans

Back 60

across, through

Front 61

an, a

Back 61

without, not

Front 62

dys

Back 62

bad

Front 63

eu

Back 63

good, normal

Front 64

brady

Back 64

slow

Front 65

tachy

Back 65

rapid

Front 66

phage

Back 66

swallowing, eating

Front 67

ab

Back 67

from, away from

Front 68

ad

Back 68

toward

Front 69

retro

Back 69

backward, behind

Front 70

hemi

Back 70

half

Front 71

poly

Back 71

many, much

Front 72

macro

Back 72

large

Front 73

scopy

Back 73

visual eamination

Front 74

tomy

Back 74

incision

Front 75

stomy

Back 75

forming an opening (mouth)

Front 76

ectomy

Back 76

excision, removal

Front 77

megaly

Back 77

enlargement

Front 78

malacia

Back 78

softening

Front 79

absorption

Back 79

the process whereby a drug moves from the muscle, digestive tract, or other site of entry into the body toward the circulatory system

Front 80

flatus

Back 80

gas in the GI tract, expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus

Front 81

flatulence

Back 81

excess gas in the intestinal tract

Front 82

BM

Back 82

bowl movement

Front 83

defecate

Back 83

discharge feces from the body

Front 84

hemocult

Back 84

trade name of a modified guaiac test

Front 85

itis

Back 85

inflammation

Front 86

osis

Back 86

abnormal condition; increase

Front 87

sialaden/o

Back 87

salivary glands

Front 88

nausea

Back 88

the feeling of having an urge to vomit. It is often called being sick to your stomach.

Front 89

rrhea

Back 89

discharge, flow

Front 90

rrhaphy

Back 90

suture

Front 91

pexy

Back 91

fixation (of an organ)

Front 92

BE

Back 92

barium enema

Front 93

BMI

Back 93

body mass index

Front 94

GB

Back 94

gallbladder

Front 95

GERD

Back 95

gastroesophageal reflux

Front 96

NG

Back 96

nasogatric

Front 97

PE

Back 97

physical examination; pulmonary embolism

Front 98

a.c.

Back 98

before meals

Front 99

p.c.

Back 99

after meals

Front 100

b.i.d.

Back 100

twice a day

Front 101

hs

Back 101

half strength

Front 102

h.s.

Back 102

at bedtime

Front 103

NPO

Back 103

nothing by mouth

Front 104

p.o.

Back 104

by mouth

Front 105

p.r.n.

Back 105

as needed

Front 106

stat

Back 106

immediately

Front 107

R/O

Back 107

rule out

Front 108

qAM

Back 108

once in the morning

Front 109

q.d

Back 109

once a day

Front 110

q.h.

Back 110

once an hour

Front 111

q.2hr

Back 111

once every 2 hours

Front 112

q.i.d.

Back 112

four times a day

Front 113

q.o.d.

Back 113

every other day

Front 114

t.i.d.

Back 114

three times a day

Front 115

anorexia

Back 115

lack of/ loss of apetite, resulting in the inability to eat

Front 116

ascites

Back 116

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, most commonly as a result of chronic liver disease

Front 117

cirrhosis

Back 117

scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease

Front 118

deglutition

Back 118

act or process of swallowing

Front 119

dyspepsia

Back 119

after eating symptoms of: abdominal pain, bloating, early satiety, nausea or belching

Front 120

dysphagia

Back 120

difficult or painful swallowing

Front 121

eructation

Back 121

(belching)

producing gas from the stomach, usually with a characteristic sound

Front 122

fecalith

Back 122

fecal concretion

Front 123

flatus

Back 123

gas in the GI tract; expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus

Front 124

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Back 124

backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus

Front 125

halitosis

Back 125

offensive, or "bad" breath

Front 126

hematemesis

Back 126

vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus

Front 127

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Back 127

(a.k.a. Spastic Colon)

symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function (typically constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation and diarrhea)

Front 128

obstipation

Back 128

severe constipation; may be caused by an intestinal obstruction

Front 129

peristalsis (a.k.a. Vermicular Movement)

Back 129

-coordinated, rhythmic movement. Muscle contractions

-wavelike muscular contractions of the intestine or other tubular structure that propel the contents onward by alternate contraction and relaxation

Front 130

stool guiac

Back 130

(Hemoccult - trade name of a modified guaiac test)

applying a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect presence of occult (hidden) blood in the feces

Front 131

nasogastric intubation "NG"

Back 131

procedure that involves insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distention by removing gas, food, or gastric secretions; to instill medication, food, or fluids; to obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis

Front 132

anastomosis

Back 132

surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another

Front 133

lithotripsy

Back 133

procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments wither surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves

Front 134

antacid

Back 134

counteract or neautralize acidity, usually in the stomach

Front 135

antidiarrhetic

Back 135

control loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing excess water in the bowel or slowing peristalsis in the intestinal tract

Front 136

antiemetic

Back 136

control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain

Front 137

laxative

Back 137

products that promote bowel movemetns

Front 138

esophagus - esophagi/o

Back 138

leads to the stomach

Front 139

pylorus - pylor/o

Back 139

most digestion takes place here

Front 140

jejunum

Back 140

second part of small intestine (approx. 8 feet long)

Front 141

hernia

Back 141

protrusion of any organ, tissue, or structure through the wall of the cavity in which it is naturally contained

Front 142

hemorrhoidectomy

Back 142

surgical removal of hemorrhoids

Front 143

colostomy

Back 143

creation of an opening of a portion of the colon through the abdominal wall to its outside surface in order to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag

Front 144

polypectomy

Back 144

excision of a polyp

Front 145

barium enema

Back 145

(lower GI series)

radiographic examination of the rectum and colon following enema administration of barium sulfate (contrast medium) into the rectum

Front 146

barium swallow

Back 146

(esophagram and upper GI series)

radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine following oral administration of barium sulfate (contrast medium)

Front 147

emetic

Back 147

causing vomiting

Front 148

cathartic

Back 148

an agent for purging the bowels

Front 149

digestant

Back 149

a substance (as an enzyme) that digests or aids in digestion

Front 150

pressure ulcer

Back 150

an area of skin that breaks down when something keeps rubbing or pressing against the skin

Front 151

cachexia

Back 151

physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass; commonly associated with AIDS & Cancer

Front 152

pancreat/o

Back 152

pancrease

Front 153

hyperalimentation

Back 153

the administration of nutrients by intravenous feeding, especially to individuals unable to take in food through the alimentary tract

Front 154

uvul/o

Back 154

uvula

Front 155

palat/o

Back 155

palate

Front 156

lower esophageal cardiac sphincter

Back 156

constricts once food passes to prevent regurgitation

Front 157

stomach body

Back 157

large portion, with fundus

Front 158

fundus

Back 158

upper portion of stomach, mainly storage

Front 159

duoden/o

Back 159

duodenum

Front 160

jejun/o

Back 160

jejunum

Front 161

ile/o

Back 161

ileum

Front 162

plica

Back 162

a fold or ridge, as of skin or membrane

Front 163

villi

Back 163

tiny, finger-like projections that enable the small intestine to absorb nutrients from food

Front 164

cecum - cec/o

Back 164

ileocecal sphinter and vermiform appendix

Front 165

ileocecal sphincter

Back 165

allows undigested/unabsorbed material from the sm. intestine to pass into the lg. intestine and excreted from the body

Front 166

sigmoid/o

Back 166

sigmoid colon

Front 167

bile composed of.....

Back 167

bilirubin and cholesterol

Front 168

liver functions

Back 168

-produce bile

-removing glucose

-stores B12, A, D, E,K

-destroy toxins

-maintains N glucose levels in blood

-destroy old erythrocytes and releases bilirubin

-produces varying blood proteins i.e. prothrombin fibrinogen = blood clotting

Front 169

endocrine

Back 169

secretes insulin directly to blood stream

Front 170

exocrine functions:

Back 170

-carbohydrates - amylase breaks down carbs

-proteins - digestive enzyems trypsin breaks down proteins

-lipids - lipase breaks down fats

Front 171

enzyme types

Back 171

-lipase

-protease

-amylase

Front 172

hiccups

Back 172

sudden, involuntary contractions of the diaphragm muscle. As the muscle contracts repeatedly, the opening between the vocal cords snaps shut to check the inflow of air and make a sound. Irritation of the nerves that extend from the neck to the chest can cause these

Front 173

esophageal atresia

Back 173

birth defect in which part of esophagus is not hollow

Front 174

atresia

Back 174

absence of a normal opening or failure of a structure to be tubular

Front 175

stomatitis

Back 175

inflammation of the mouth

Front 176

cheilitis

Back 176

chapped lips

Front 177

cheilosis

Back 177

painful inflammation and cracking of the corners of the mouth

Front 178

leukoplakia

Back 178

a precancerous sore (lesion) that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek in response to chronic irritation

Front 179

periodontitis

Back 179

inflammation around the tooth, gums pull away to form pockets

Front 180

pyorrhea

Back 180

purulent inflammation of the gums and tooth sockets often leading to loosening of the teeth. A discharge of pus

Front 181

herpetic stomatitis

Back 181

a viral infection of the mouth that causes ulcers and inflammation. (not the same as canker sores)

Front 182

achalasia

Back 182

disorder of the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach (esophagus), which affects the ability of the esophagus to move food toward the stomach

Front 183

peritonitis

Back 183

inflammation (irritation) of the peritoneum, the thin tissue that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers most of the abdominal organs

Front 184

anal fissure

Back 184

small tear or cut int he skin that lines the anus. typically cause pain and often bleed

Front 185

anorectal abscess

Back 185

collection of pus int he area of the anus and rectum

Front 186

Crohn disease

Back 186

causes inflammation of the digestive system. An inflammatory bowel disease. Can affect any area from the mouth to the anus. Often affects the lower part of the small intestine (ileum)

Front 187

fistula

Back 187

abnormal connection between two parts inside of the body

Front 188

ileus (paralytic ileus)

Back 188

temporary absence of the normal contractile movements of the intestinal wall. Like and obstruction of the intestines, prevents the passage of intestinal contents. Unlike a mechanical obstruction, though, rarely leads to rupture

Front 189

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Back 189

name of a group of disorders in which the intestines (sm. and lg or bowels) become inflamed (red and swollen)

Front 190

colorectal polyp

Back 190

growth that sticks out of the lining of the colon or rectun

Front 191

ulderative colitis

Back 191

a disease that causes ulcers in the lining of the rectum and colon

Front 192

cholangitis

Back 192

an infection of the common bile duct, the tube that carries bile from the liver to the gallbladder and intestines. Bile is a chemical made by the liver that helps digest food

Front 193

choledocholithiasis

Back 193

the presence of a gallstone int eh common bile duct. The stone may consist of bile pigments or calcium and cholesterol salts

Front 194

incarcerated hernia

Back 194

a hernia so occluded that it cannot be returned by manipulation; it may or may not be strangulated

Front 195

strangulated hernis

Back 195

so tightly constricted as to compromise the blood supply of the hernial sac, leading to gangrene of the sac and its contents

Front 196

fluoroscopy

Back 196

type of medical imaging that shows a continuous x-ray image on a monitor, much like an x-ray movie

Front 197

lysis of adhesions

Back 197

process of cutting scar tissue within the body. This is done to restore normal function and reduce pain

Front 198

paracentesis

Back 198

procedure to take out fluid that has collected int eh belly (peritoneal fluid)

Front 199

pylorotomy

Back 199

incision of the pylorus