Chapter 4 Social Studies Vocab

Front 1

Charles I

Back 1

King of England in 1625, disapproved of Puritans

Front 2

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Back 2

: a colony set up by Puritans, a society based on biblical laws and teachings, provided economic and commercial work

Front 3

John Winthrop

Back 3

a lawyer and devout puritan, first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony

Front 4

Great Migration

Back 4

1629-1640, 15,000 people travel from England to MA

Front 5

Boston

Back 5

Massachusetts’ largest town, port, major shipbuilding town

Front 6

Thomas Hooker

Back 6

puritan minister who thought the governor and official of MA held too much power, established Connecticut in 1639

Front 7

Hartford

Back 7

The first town in Connecticut, built on Connecticut River

Front 8

Roger Williams

Back 8

a puritan who believed religious leaders held too much power in the colony, wanted political and religious affairs to be separated, established Rhode Island in 1636, allowed religious tolerance and the right to vote for any white man within colony

Front 9

Anne Hutchinson

Back 9

Questioned the ministers teachings, was put on trial, made a mistake when she said that God spoke directly to her and not through the bible, had to move to Rhode Island colony, important symbol of the struggle for religious freedom

Front 10

Metacom

Back 10

Chief of the Wampanoag indians

Front 11

King Phillip

Back 11

English name for Metacom

Front 12

The common

Back 12

at the center of each village, open field where cattle grazed with meeting house nearby

Front 13

Meetinghouse

Back 13

the place where Puritans worshipped and held town meetings

Front 14

Puritans

Back 14

a religious group, wealthy, educated Englishmen, wanted to reform/purify the Church of England by using simpler forms of worship

Front 15

General Court

Back 15

an elected assembly of men who made and enforced laws

Front 16

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Back 16

Connecticut’s form of government, gave the right to vote to all men who were property owners, and it limited the governor’s power, strengthened tradition of representative government

Front 17

Religious Tolerance

Back 17

a willingness to let others practice their own beliefs

Front 18

Sabbath

Back 18

a holy day of rest (Sunday)

Front 19

Town Meeting

Back 19

a meeting for the town’s men, discussed and voted on colony issues, a chance for New Englanders to speak their minds, growth of democratic ideas

Front 20

Mason-Dixon Line

Back 20

border between Pennsylvania and Maryland; it divided the middle colonies from the southern colonies

Front 21

Act of Toleration

Back 21

A law that provided religious freedom for all Christians

Front 22

Bacon’s Rebellion

Back 22

led by Nathaniel Bacon; when the governor refused to act out against the natives that were fighting with the settlers he led a rebellion that raided native villages and burned the Jamestown capital.

Front 23

Indigo

Back 23

a plant used to make valuable blue dye

Front 24

Debtor

Back 24

people who owed money they could not pay back

Front 25

Slave code

Back 25

laws that set our rules for slaves’ behavior and denied slaves their basic rights; codes treated slaves as property not people

Front 26

Racism

Back 26

the belief that one race is superior to another

Front 27

Sir George Calvert

Back 27

A Roman Catholic who persuaded King Charles I to give him a charter in North America so that Catholics could practice their religion freely

Front 28

Lord Baltimore

Back 28

George Calvert’s son, governor of Maryland

Front 29

Chesapeake Bay

Back 29

Maryland was settled on upper Chesapeake Bay, provided fish, oysters and crabs for settlers

Front 30

St. Mary’s

Back 30

First town in Maryland

Front 31

Margaret and Mary Brent

Back 31

sisters who established 2 1,000-acre plantations, Margaret Brent helped prevent a rebellion among the soldiers

Front 32

Nathaniel Bacon

Back 32

: a young planter who led a rebellion of settlers to raid Indian tribes and set fire to the Jamestown capital

Front 33

Charles Town

Back 33

the largest settlement in South Carolina, later renamed Charleston

Front 34

James Oglethorpe

Back 34

an English soldier and reformer who founded Georgia in 1732

Front 35

Savannah

Back 35

Georgia’s first settlement

Front 36

The Tidewater

Back 36

full of rivers and slopes, had rich farmland for many plantations

Front 37

The Backcountry

Back 37

at base of Appalachians, thick forests, and mostly self-sufficient farmers

Front 38

The Middle Passage

Back 38

the passage of slave ships west across the Atlantic Ocean

Front 39

Mercantilism

Back 39

Theory that a nation became strong by keeping strict control over its trade

Front 40

Export

Back 40

goods sent to markets outside a country

Front 41

Import

Back 41

good brought into a country

Front 42

Navigation Acts

Back 42

(1650s) regulated trade between England and its colonies, ensure only England benefited from colonial trade

Front 43

Yankee

Back 43

a nickname for New Englanders that implied they were clever and hardworking

Front 44

Triangular Trade

Back 44

A trade route that formed a triangle between New England, West Africa and the West Indies

Front 45

Legislature

Back 45

a group of people who have the power to make laws

Front 46

Glorious Revolution

Back 46

(1688) gave the colonists more rights, when parliament replaced King James II with William and Mary of the Netherlands

Front 47

Bill of Rights

Back 47

a written list of freedoms the government promises to protect

Front 48

English Bill of Rights

Back 48

protected the rights of individuals and gave anyone accused of a crime the right to a trial by jury, said that a ruler could not raise taxes or an army w/o the approval of Parliament

Front 49

Gentry

Back 49

highest social class in the 13 English colonies

Front 50

Middle Class

Back 50

in the 13 English colonies, a class that included skilled crafts workers, farmers and some trades people

Front 51

Indentured Servant

Back 51

person who agreed to work without wages for a period of time in exchange for passage to the colonies

Front 52

Gullah

Back 52

Combination of English and West African languages, spoken by African Americans in the South Carolina colony

Front 53

Great Awakening

Back 53

Religious movement in the English colonies in the early 1700s

Front 54

Public School

Back 54

school supported by taxes

Front 55

Tutor

Back 55

private teacher

Front 56

Apprentice

Back 56

person who learns a trade or craft from a master

Front 57

Dame School

Back 57

School run by a woman, usually in her own home

Front 58

Enlightenment

Back 58

movement in Europe in the 1600s and 1700s that emphasized the use of reason

Front 59

Libel

Back 59

act of publishing a statement that may unjustly damage a person’s reputation

Front 60

Negro Election Day

Back 60

A day when Africans elected a leader of their community, this person settled disputes that arose among black townspeople

Front 61

Jonathan Edwards

Back 61

A New England preacher who influenced the Great Awakening

Front 62

George Whitefield

Back 62

An English minister who drew crowds of people and influenced them to repent their sins

Front 63

John Locke

Back 63

An English philosopher who wrote that people could gain knowledge of the world by observing and by experimenting; part of the spread of enlightenment

Front 64

Benjamin Franklin

Back 64

A writer, inventor and politician who was the best example of enlightenment; wrote Poor Richards Almanack

Front 65

Poor Richards Almanack

Back 65

A book written by Benjamin Franklin that contained useful information and clever quotes

Front 66

John Peter Zenger

Back 66

Publisher of the Weekly Journal, was arrested for libel but since the stories he published were true he couldn’t be convicted; precedent for freedom of the press