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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Patroon
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A kind of landowner in New Netherland. In order to encourage farming, the Dutch officials granted land grants to rich families. They would stretch for miles; one was even the size of Rhode Island! In return, the owners of the estates would promise to settle 50 European families on that land. Unfortunately, because the Patroons had so much power, being able to charge any rents they wanted, few wanted to work for them.
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Proprietary Colony
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A type of colony where land is given from a king to another person in return for a certain payment. They were often given as gifts and the owners would be able to divide and rent the land as they pleased. Though they had the rights to govern the colony, they were still bound by English law.
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Royal Colony
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A colony that is entirely controlled by the crown of a country.
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Quakers
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One of the most despised religious groups in England. Quakers were like Pilgrims and Puritans in that they were Protestant Reformers. However, their beliefs went much farther. For example, they believed that all people were equal; men, women, nobles, slaves, and so on. They refused to bow in front of nobles and allowed women to preach in public. They spoke out against war too, refusing to serve in the English army. To many others, their beliefs were considered wicked. They were often arrest, fined, or killed. William Penn then was convinced that they needed to leave England, which is one of the reasons he founded the colony of Pennsylvania.
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Pennsylvania Dutch
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A German Protestant who moved to Pennsylvania was considered Pennsylvania Dutch because they were unable to pronounce the word for German, Deutsch.
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Cash Crop
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On soil that was very fertile, Middle Colony farmers were able to grow cash crops such as wheat, barley, and rye. These were crops that could be sold at a market.
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William Penn
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The founder of Pennsylvania Colony was William Penn in 1681 and he was from a wealthy English family. At the age of 22, he joined the Quakers and knew that they had to leave England. For that reason, he tried to found Pennsylvania as a colony that would serve as an example of religious freedom. Later, however, English officials forced him to turn away Catholics and Jewish settlers. He also believed in Native American rights, which caused him to be greatly respected by them.
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Peter Stuyvesant
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At one point, he was the governor of New Netherland. In 1664, when the English ships entered their harbor, Peter swore to defend the city. However, he had few supplies and was unpopular enough that no one wanted to help him. Eventually, surrendered without firing a shot.
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The Duke of York
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The Duke of York was the brother of King Charles II. When New Netherland was taken over by the English, King Charles II gave the colony to his brother who then renamed it New York in his honor.
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The "Holy Experiment"
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In William Penn’s mind, the colony of Pennsylvania was a “holy experiment.” He wanted it to be a model of religious freedom and peace. He would accept Protestants, Catholics Jews… but then English Officials forced him to turn away Catholic and Jewish settlers.
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Philadelphia
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The capital of Pennsylvania. Many people who moved to Pennsylvania stayed in Philadelphia. It was along the Delaware River and its name meant “brotherly love.”
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The Great Wagon Road
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As less space was available in some of the coastal settlements, thousands of settlers (German and Scotch-Irish) traveled west into the backcountry. As they followed a certain Iroquois trail, it became known as the Great Wagon Road.
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