Chapter 4 Key Terms

Front 1

Robert Walpole

Back 1

he was the head of State, as well as a Politician.
1676-1745
UK's first Prime Minister

Front 2

privy council

Back 2

what: its a body that advises the head state of their nation concerning the practice of there executive authority(form of a monarch gov)
when:
sig: committee of the monarchs closest advisers that give confidential info regarding the affairs of the state.

Front 3

benjamin franklin

Back 3

who: founding father, did the kite experiment.
when: 1700s
sig:part of the continental congress, wrote books, was a scientisit, inventor, major figure of the American enlightenment.

Front 4

new france

Back 4

what:area colonized by the french in north America
when:1534
sig:territory extended from Newfoundland to the rocky mountains, divided into five colonies(Canada, Acadia, Hudson bay, Newfoundland, Louisiana)

Front 5

paltry wages

Back 5

what
when
sig

Front 6

Albany plan

Back 6

what:a plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin at the Albany congress
when: 1754
sig: early attempt at uniting the colonies under 1 gov regarding a way to defend during the french ad Indian war.

Front 7

french indian war

Back 7

what: war between the french and the British in north America.
when:1754-1763
sig: also known as the 7 years war. it was the first time a colonist got military experience, started conflict with the British.

Front 8

louis XIV

Back 8

who: the king of france, longest reign of any european monarch.
when: 1638-1715
sig:worked to create a centralized gov, wanted to eliminate fuedalism, suporter of the divine right of kings.

Front 9

grenville ministry

Back 9

moved to increase its authourity in the colonies in direct ways. british troops would be stationed in america for long periods of time, royal officials where to take up colonial posts in person, colonial manufactoring was restricted so that it wouldnt compete with britain.

Front 10

louis joliet

Back 10

who: canadian explorer, educated at a jesuit school
when : 1645-1700
sig: he explored the great lakes and discovered the mississippi river.

Front 11

father jacques marquette

Back 11

was a french jesuit missionary
1637-1675
founded michigans first european/french missionary. he was an aquaintance with louis jolliet(the where the first to see northern mississippi river.

Front 12

rene robert cavalier

Back 12

"the father of the louisiana Territory"
1643-1687
explored the mississippi river. first to explore down the mississippi river all the way to the gulf of mexico. he claimed the mississippi basin and named it louisiana for france.

Front 13

the iroquis confederacy

Back 13

political and social system.
united the five nations(divided into two groups: the elders included the mohawk, the onondaga, and the seneca; the younger sonsisted of the oneida and the cayaga) territories that stretched across new york. decisions where unanimous.

Front 14

king williams war

Back 14

the first european was that involved the british.
late 1689-1697
was the first battles between the english and the french, fought in canada with native americans.

Front 15

fort necessity

Back 15

confrontation was the opening battle of the war fought by england and the french for the north american continent.
1754
opening of the french and indian war.

Front 16

william pitt the elder

Back 16

he was the helped in the 7 years war(french and Indian war), he helped win the war.
late 1700s, 1400s-1768
helped win the french and Indian war, he didnt like the townshend acts, he oposed the stamp act aswell.

Front 17

seige of quebec

Back 17

battle between the American continental army forces and the British defenders of the city of Quebec.
1775
early revolutionary war, first defeat of the war for the Americans.

Front 18

peace of paris 1763

Back 18

treaty signed by the french when they lost a huge part of their land to the British.
1763
America gained more land(except Canada)

Front 19

proclamation of 1763

Back 19

closed off the frontier to colonial expansion
1763
was a measure to simmer down the fears of the Indians,( felt that the colonists would drive them from their lands as they expanded westward). many colonists objected , felt that the main reason was to keep them trapped colse to the atlantic.

Front 20

missinary zeal

Back 20

zeal:eagerness and ardent interest in pursuit of something
missionary: member of a religious group sent into an area to carry on ministries of the word,
1750
drew in french jesuits

Front 21

stamp act

Back 21

parliments first atempt to assert gov authority over the colonies
1765
affected lawyers and writers, had eloquent opposition to the
crown,Opposition upon colonial resentment of the sugar act,Effective boycott of the British goods.Those who violated the law were not entitled to a jury trial

Front 22

currency act

Back 22

parliament has control of the colonial currency system.
1764
prohibited the issue of any new bills and the reissue of existing currency.

Front 23

paxton boys

Back 23

a group who murdered 20 native Americans (also known as the Conestoga massacre)
1763
Governor John Penn issued warrants for the arrest of the paxton boys, some frontiersmen refused to assist in bringing them to justice.

Front 24

regulatory movement

Back 24

north carolina uprising,
1764-1771
citizens took up arms against the corrupt colonial officials.(possible start of the revolutionary war.)

Front 25

sugar act

Back 25

put a 3 cent tax on foreign refined sugar
1764
listed more foreign goods to be taxed(coffee, indigo, wine) importation of rum was banned as well as french wine.

Front 26

virginia resolves

Back 26

passed by the 5th virginia convention at williamsberg
1776
became a basis of action plans for the 3 american measures that will be later used by the continential congress. (independancy, diplomacy, confederacy)

Front 27

sons of liberty

Back 27

political group made up of American Patriots that originated in the pre-independence North American British colonies.
the group was formed to incite change in the was the british treated the colonies before and during the french and indian war.

Front 28

the tory's

Back 28

traditionalist political philosophy which grew out of the Cavalier faction in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.
1600s
one of the porminent political parties in great britain, it goes way back to like when the loyalists of british north america that sided with britain during the revolutionary war.

Front 29

mutiny act

Back 29

the law that stated that the colonists had to provide a house for the troops(quartering act)
1765
it was opposed by the colonists but the had to do it.

Front 30

quartering act

Back 30

parliament passed the act to adress the practical concerns of the troop deployment.each colonie had to provide a house and basic needs for the soldiers
1765
desire to cut costs." If the colonies were to be protected, why should they not pay for the soldiers?"

Front 31

townshend act

Back 31

British legislationwanted to raise revenue, tighten customs enforcement, and assert imperial authority in America. it was sponsored by Charles Townshend.
1767
levied import on glass,lead, paint, paper, and tea. purpose was to provide salaries for some colonialoffocials so that the provincial assemlies couldnt coerce them by witholding wages.

Front 32

navigation acts

Back 32

series of laws that restricted foreign shipping in the colonies
1650-1673
stopped colonial trade with france and the netherlands, only britain was aloud to transport goods into the colonies.

Front 33

boston massacre

Back 33

Liberty boys began pelting the sentries at the customs house with rocks. The British soon started protecting the building. When a British soldier was hit with a rock, the British soon started firing at the crowd, killing many. This was soon known as the “Boston Massacre”.
1770
It was a sign on how brutal the British where. helped spark the rebellion in some of the colonies, which could have started the revolutionary war.

Front 34

samuel adams

Back 34

one of the founding fathers of america.
1722-1803
he was the leader of the american revolution, and the architect of the principles of american republicanism that helped shape the politics in america.

Front 35

loyalists

Back 35

american colonists that stayed loyal to the mother country, britain.
(late 1700s)
related to the tories. when the british lost the war, they migrated north in other parts of the british empire.

Front 36

partiots

Back 36

the name of the colonists that rebeled against the british during the american revolution.
late 1700s(after 1776)
leadinf figure was thomas jefferson, won the revolutionary war, was supported by many of the colonists.

Front 37

gaspee incident

Back 37

burning of the ship Gaspee by the citizens of rhode island.
1772
they where punished

Front 38

tea act

Back 38

The taxation of the colonists without the consent
1773
The British imposed the tea act in order to save the British East Indian Company (that was on the verge of bankruptcy). This angered many Americans and the issue of “no taxation without representation” was brought up again. Many colonists began boycotting the tea because of the absurd tax. This specific boycott was important in history because it joined many colonists together in protest. Women became leaders of many boycotts because they where the most common tea drinkers. led to the boston tea party.

Front 39

daughters of liberty

Back 39

Women became leaders of many boycotts, participated in many anti-British riots and soon formed the Daughters of liberty.
1770s
they where females who displayed patrionism, used their talents in weaving yarn and cloth making the colonies depend less in british textiles.

Front 40

boston tea party

Back 40

150 men dressed as Mohawks, went aboard 3 ships that had tea and heaved them over the boat and into the ocean. The British enraged, closed of ports in Boston and other things that punished the Bostonians.
1773
act by the colonists against the british.

Front 41

coercive acts

Back 41

purpose was to restore order in massachusetts after the tea act. imposed by lord north with encouragement by king george.(included the boston port act, quartering act, administration of justice act, massachusetts government act.)
1774
colonists where punished.

Front 42

first continental congress

Back 42

First organization in the colonies, became a governing body of the U.S during the revolutionary war.
1774-1789(times they met)
Crated a list of grievances,Rejected a colonial union with Britain, Recommended to build a military, Agreed to stop trade with Britain, Agreed that the continental congress was a ongoing organization.

Front 43

john adams

Back 43

second presedent of the United States.
1735-1826
founding father, assisted thomas jefferson with the declaration of independence, negotiator of the peace treaty in europe with britain.

Front 44

battle of lenxington and concord

Back 44

Lexington and concord are battles that took place in 1775.
april 1775
They were the first battles of the revolutionary war between the british and the 13 colonies..

Front 45

general thomas gage

Back 45

british general during the revolutionary war.
1719-1787
fought in the french and indian war, appointed the military govenor of the province of the american war of independence, failed in the siege of bostn and was replaced.

Front 46

paul revere

Back 46

patriot in the american revolution.
1735-1818
mesenger in the battles of lexington and concord,, he and his horse are patriotic symbols, he helped organize an intellegence and alarm system to keep watch on the british military.

Front 47

john dickinson letters from a farmer

Back 47

series of essays written by john dickinson(pennsylvania lawer), he published them under the name "a farmer"
1767-1768
the essays where read throughout the 13 colonies helped uniting the colonies against the townshend acts.

Front 48

the massachusetts circular

Back 48

statement written by samuel adams in response to the townshend acts.
1768
brought tension between the british parliament and massachusetts.letter argued that the townshend acts where unconstitutional because of the fact that massachusettes wasnt represented un the parliament as other colonies.