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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pts most at risk for significant kidney problems
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*Older Pts
*Pts w/diabetes *Pts w/chronic hypertension *Pts w/ more than 1 risk factor p1335 |
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Most common renal emergencies
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*Acute renal failure
*Chronic renal failure *Renal calculi p1335 |
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Acute Renal failure (ARF) is a sudden drop in urine output to less than ____ ml/day, which is called ____.
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400-500mL/day
oliguria p1335 |
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Name the 3 different types of ARF
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Prerenal
Renal Post-renal p1335 |
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What is the difference between the 3 different types of ARF
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*Prerenal- acute renal failure due to decreased blood perfusion of the kidneys
*Renal-Acute renal failure within the kidney itself *Postrenal-Acute renal failure due to obstruction distal to the kidneys p1336-37 |
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Normally, the kidneys receive about __ to __% of cardiac output
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20-25%
p1336 |
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Because of the retention of electrolytes, including H+ and K+, metabolic ___ and hyper____ may appear
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metabolic acidosis
hyperkalemia p1336 |
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ARF
Signs and Symptoms |
Edema in the face, hands, and feet
ABD ecchymosis, and distention Pale, cool, moist skin Hyper/hypotension, tachycardia, hyperkalemia p1337 |
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ARF
Treatment |
Support ABC's
High-flow O2 IV fluid bolus if hypotension is present p1338 |
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The chief prevention strategies are protecting _____ and _____
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fluid volume and cardiovascular function
p1338 |
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Chronic Renal failure is inadequate kidney function due to permanent loss of ____
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Nephrons
p1338 |
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A normal kidney has approx 1million nephrons, metabolic instability does not occur until about ___% of nephrons are destroyed
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80%
p1338 |
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When metabolic instability occures the pt has developed end-stage renal failure and must have ___ or ___ to survive
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dialysis or kidney transplant
p1339 |
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More than half of all cases of end-stage renal failure is caused by?
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Diabetes and hypertension
p1339 |
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Name the 4 major functions of the kidneys
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1-maintenance of blood volume with proper balance of water, electrolytes, and pH
2-retention of key compounds such as glucose w/excretion of wastes such as urea 3-control of arterial blood pressure 4-regulation of erythocyte development p1339-1340 |
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True or False
Kidney failure affects almost every organ and major function in the body |
True
p1341 |
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Chronic Renal Failure
Signs and Symptoms |
Table 33-3 p1340
Skin-pale, moist, cool, jaundice hyper/hypotension tachycardia cardiac dysrhythmias hyperkalemia metabolic acidosis p1341 |
