Chapter 3 (Levels Of Analysis And Foreign Policy)

Front 1

D. All of the above

Back 1

Individual-level analysis studies the decision-making process of people
A. as a species
B. in groups
C. idiosyncratically
D. all of the above

Front 2

wishful thinking

Back 2

What mental strategy did Saddam Hussein employ when he argued that Iraq could withstand a U.S. invasion?

Front 3

What is biopolitics?

Back 3

researchers who examine how the specific pressures of our positions can affect our behavior study

Front 4

A. major shifts in policy

Back 4

Which of the following is not an effect of groupthink?
A. major shifts in policy
B. dismissing people who "think outside the box"
C. limited policy choices
D. a lower quality of policy options

Front 5

A. President Bush's ego

Back 5

According to individual-level analysis, which of the following contributed to the Persian Gulf War?
A. President Bush's Ego
B. economic interdependence
C. international need for oil
D. Iraq's attempt to gain more power

Front 6

poliheuristic theory

Back 6

Seeing human decisions as a mix of rational and irrational inputs is a tenet of what?

Front 7

C. Decision makers are free of media attention

Back 7

Which of the following is not characteristic of a crisis situation?
A. decision makers are usually taken by surprise
B. decision makers often feel threatened
C. decision makers are free of media attention
D. decision makers only have a short time in which to make a decision.

Front 8

What is sinocentrism?

Back 8

Chinese belief that China is the political and cultural center of the world

Front 9

What is two-level game?

Back 9

situation in which negotiators have to deal with officials from other countries, while at the same time negotiating with subnational actors at home

Front 10

C. negotiating directly

Back 10

Bureaucracies use all of the following means to influence policy decisions except
A. filtering information
B. tailoring recommendations
C. negotiating directly
D. implementation

Front 11

D. both intermestic AND crisis issues

Back 11

Which types of issues tend to draw significant public attention?
A. intermestic issues
B. crisis issues
C. pure foreign policy issues
D. both intermestic AND crisis issues

Front 12

states are not legally answerable to a higher authority for either international or domestic behavior

Back 12

What does the traditional concept of sovereignty mean?

Front 13

C. the United Nations

Back 13

Which of the following is an IGO?
A. Greenpeace
B. Great Britain
C. United Nations
D. McDonald's

Front 14

helps determine how countries are likely to act

Back 14

What do some scholars believe about the number of power poles in existence at any one time?

Front 15

interdependence

Back 15

If the U.S. were to impose tariff hikes and other sanctions on Beijing, both the Chinese and the U.S. economies would be damaged. What does this economic reality provide an example of?

Front 16

interdependence

Back 16

The operation of the international system is influenced economically by what?

Front 17

they worried that their oil contracts with Iraq would be abrogated and given to U.S. firms

Back 17

Why is there speculation that France, Russia, and some other countries opposed the U.S. led invasion in Iraq?

Front 18

generally recognized and followed

Back 18

A norm is only valid when what is true?

Front 19

A. Norms

Back 19

Which principle likely kept the U.S. from using nuclear weapons in Iraq?
A. Norms
B. groupthink
C. biopolitics
D. ethology

Front 20

True

Back 20

True or False: A stereotype is a type of heuristic device

Front 21

False

Back 21

True or False: Emotions represent an external barrier to rational decision-making.

Front 22

True

Back 22

True or False: Women and men differ in their attitudes toward the use of military force

Front 23

True

Back 23

True or False: There is a possibility that some differences in political behavior are related to gender

Front 24

False

Back 24

True or False: The worst combination of personality types for a leader is passive-aggressive

Front 25

False

Back 25

True or False: Domestic factors cannot, by definition, play a role in determining the shape of the international system.

Front 26

False

Back 26

True or False: State-level analysis is mostly concerned with how states are affected by the international system.

Front 27

False

Back 27

True or False: More subnational actors participate in foreign policy decisions during crisis situations than at any other time.

Front 28

False

Back 28

True or False: Bureaucrats is a generic term to describe all persons involved in policy making.

Front 29

True

Back 29

True or False: Public opinion can act as a constraint on the policy-making power of the chief executive

Front 30

True

Back 30

True or False: A system-level analyst would argue that a system operates with a degree of regularity based on structural characteristics.

Front 31

True

Back 31

True or False: The current system can be described as a state-centric system

Front 32

True

Back 32

True or False: The U.S. is heavily dependent on other countries for sources of products that it needs and as markets for products that it sells

Front 33

True

Back 33

True or False: Bipolar systems are characterized by acute hostility between poles

Front 34

False

Back 34

True or False: Values and norms are becoming less important to international conduct and are growing more disparate

Front 35

What is cognitive decision making?

Back 35

making choices within the limits of what you consciouslly know

Front 36

What is Munich analogy?

Back 36

belief amongst Post-World War II leaders, particularly Americans, that aggression must always be met firmly and that appeasement will only encourage an aggressor

Front 37

What are heuristic devices?

Back 37

range of psychological devices that allow individual to simplify complex decisions
EX: evaluating people and events in terms of how well they coincide with your own belief systems

Front 38

What is biopolitics?

Back 38

theory examines the relationship between the physical nature and political behavior of humans

Front 39

What is ethology?

Back 39

comparison of animal and human behavior

Front 40

What is gender opinion gap?

Back 40

difference between male and female along any one of a number of dimensions, including foreign policy preferences

Front 41

What is groupthink?

Back 41

- how an individual's membership in an organization or decision-making group influences his or her thinking and actions
- tendencies within a group to think alike to avoid disordinance, and to ignore ideas or info that threaten the consensus

Front 42

What are roles?

Back 42

how an individual's position influences their thinking and actions

Front 43

What is idiosyncratic analysis?

Back 43

individual level analysis approach to decision making that assumes the individual make foreign policy decisions and that different individuals are likely to make different decisions

Front 44

What is poliheuristic theory?

Back 44

- view of decision making that holds it occurs in two stages
- 1st stage, nonrational considerations such as how an issue and the response to it will affect a decision maker's political or professional future are applied to narrow the range of choices
- 2nd stage, decision makers use strategic considerations and other criteria to make final policy choice

Front 45

What is state-level analysis?

Back 45

analytical approach that emphasizes the actions of states and the internal cause of their policies

Front 46

What is authoritarian government?

Back 46

political system that allows little or no participation in decision making by individuals and groups outside the upper reaches of the government

Front 47

What is a democratic government?

Back 47

governmental system a country has in terms of free and fair elections and levels of participation

Front 48

What is crisis situation?

Back 48

circumstance or event that is surprise to decision makers, that evokes a sense of danger, and that must be responded to within a limited amount of time

Front 49

What is the rally effect?

Back 49

tendency during a crisis of political and other leaders, legislators, and the public to give strong support to a chief executive and the policy that leader has adopted in response to the crisis.

Front 50

What is political culture?

Back 50

- concept that refers to a society's general, long-held, and fundamental practices and attitudes.
- based on a country's historical experience and on the values of its citizens
- attitudes are often an important part of the internal setting in which national leaders make foreign policy

Front 51

What is foreign-policy-making actors?

Back 51

- political actors within a state
- including political executives, bureaucracies, legislatures, political opponents, interest groups, and the people who influence the foreign policy process

Front 52

What is system-level analysis?

Back 52

analytical approach that emphasize the importance of the impact of the world conditions on the actions of states and other international actors

Front 53

What is vertical authority structure?

Back 53

system in which subordinate units answer to higher levels of authority

Front 54

What is horizontal authority structure?

Back 54

- system in which authority is fragmented
- international system has a mostly horizontal authority structure

Front 55

What is state-centric system?

Back 55

system describing the current world system wherein states are the principle actors

Front 56

What is unipolar system?

Back 56

type of international system that describes a single country with complete global hegemony

Front 57

What is a power pole?

Back 57

- actor in the international system that has enough; military, economic, and diplomatic power to determine the rules and policies of a system
- are either;
= single country or empire
= group of countries that constitute an alliance or bloc

Front 58

What is balance of power politics?

Back 58

notion that countries seek to conserve and amass power, that some countries seek to dominate their regional international system, and that some countries will seek to counter hegemonic power by further increasing their own power or cooperating with other powers in preventing any country or bloc from achieving dominance

Front 59

What is a hegemonic power?

Back 59

- single country or alliance that is so dominant in power in international system that it plays the key role in determining the rules and norms by which the system operates
- has central position in both making and enforcing the norms and modes of behavior