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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is one way that political scientists gauge political violence?
A. frequency of violence B. location of violence C. by watching handheld televisions D. through anecdotal evidence |
A. frequency of violence
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Over past century the overall frequency of war has
A. increased dramatically B. decreased dramatically C. remained relatively stable D. increased only in the developed world |
C. remained relatively stable
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Today, civil wars are
A. almost non-existent B. less common than they were several hundred years ago C. about as common as they were several hundred years ago D. more common than they were several hundred years ago |
D. more common than they were several hundred years ago
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Approximately what percentage of all war fatalities since the year 1000 has occurred in the 20th century?
A. 10% B. 25% C. 50% D. 75% |
D. 75%
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Conflict over water supply would be attributed to a system-level
A. economic factor B. territorial factor C. security factor D. biosphere stress factor |
D. biosphere stress factor
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Individual-level analysts would argue that human aggression is
A. learned B. part of our nature C. a combination of nurture and nature D. result of systematic anarchy |
C. a combination of nurture and nature
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Nationalism has extended the scope of war because
A. it has stimulated xenophobia B. soldiers have become more likely to target civilians in conflict C. it has increased the number of people with a stake in the outcome of wars D. nation-states propensity toward war is higher than that of previous forms of political organization |
C. it has increased the number of people with a stake in the outcome of wars
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The classic goal of war, amassing the power to defeat, has increasingly been replaced by combatants seeking the power to
A. advance B. eliminate C. subdue D. hurt |
D. hurt
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The Bush doctrine advocates what type of warfare?
A. offensively warfare B. preemptive warfare C. defensive warfare D. mutual responsibility warfare |
B. preemptive warfare
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According to the laws, the 20000 attack on the USS Cole when refueling was not strictly an act of terrorism because the Cole
A. was a military target B. was engaged in battle C. was not in a friendly port D. had not registered a distress signal |
A. was a military target
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When examining incidents of terrorism geographically, North America is
A. by far the safest region B. similar to other regions C. slightly more dangerous than other regions D. the most dangerous region |
A. by far the safest region
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The author argues that in the event of radiological, chemical, or biological terrorist attack
A. it is unlikely that anyone would actually be killed B. the death toll could destabilize a country C. the psychological impact will outweigh the actual casualties D. the psychological effect will be negligible compared to the casualties |
C. the psychological impact will outweigh the actual casualties
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Which of the following is not a front cited by the US State Department in the "war on terrorism"
A. culture B. diplomacy C. financial D. military |
A. culture
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The world's leading arms exporter is
A. France B. Russia C. Iraq D. the United States |
D. the United States
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Special Operations are conducted
A. only overtly B. only covertly C. both overtly and covertly D. neither overtly nor covertly |
C. both overtly and covertly
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Which of the following is not a way to avoid unchecked escalation?
A. open the lines of communications B. have limited goals C. use forces greater than needed D. Limit goals |
C. use forces greater than needed
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The Cuban Missile crisis was an example of a crisis that almost led to nuclear war through
A. escalation B. misperception C. an unprovoked attack D. inadvertent nuclear war |
A. escalation
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The U.S.-USSR Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty of 1972 barred the construction
A. NMDS B. NBC C. MAD D. NUT |
A. NMDS
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True or False: the severity of war has decreased in the 20th century
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False
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True or False: Some system-level analysts argue that wars occur because there is no central authority to try to prevent conflict and to protect countries
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A. True
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True or False: The personal traits of leaders are irrelevant in understanding the outbreak of war
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False
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True or False: Although technology has changed, the nature of war has remained constant
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False
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True or False: Nationalism has allowed states to more effectively mobilize populations of war.
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True
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True or False: Modern military strategy focuses almost entirely on the power to defeat
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False
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True or False: State terrorism refers to attacks on the state by nonstate actors
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False
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True or False: The United States had not experienced the effects of terrorism until the 9-11 terrorist attacks
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False
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True or False: Most arms transfers go to economically developed countries
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False
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True or False: Countries in Asia, especially India and China, are the largest importers of weapons.
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True
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True or False: The use of covert military intervention has increased
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True
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True or False: War should be fought as a substitute for diplomacy
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False
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True or False: Chemical weapons have not been used for over 50 years
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False
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True or False: A last gasp nuclear war would occur if a missile were launched inadvertently at another state.
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False
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True or False: Those who favor the MAD nuclear strategy argue that states should attempt to destroy their opponent's weapons before they were launched
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False
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Traditionally states have felt that aggression is best deterred though
A. global security B. national self-defense C. pacifism D. nuclear armament |
B. national self-defense
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Which approach to security is based on the realist assumption that countries are inherently greedy and collectively violent?
A. pacifism B. limited self-defense C. international security D. unlimited self-defense |
D. unlimited self-defense
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Which approach to security promotes arms limitations as a means to ensure international peace?
A. abolition of war B. limited self-defense C. international security D. unlimited self-defense |
B.limited self-defense
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The text suggests that absolute security
A. can be achieved domestically but not globally B. can be achieved globally but not domestically C. can be achieved both globally and domestically D. is difficult to achieve both globally and domestically |
D. is difficult to achieve both globally and domestically
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Historically, arms control has been achieved using all of the following methods except
A. placing categorical restrictions on the types of weapons B. placing numerical restrictions on the number of weapons C. heavily taxing the materials used to make arms D. through transfer restrictions |
C. heavily taxing the materials used to make arms
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The first multilateral arms control talks in Europe were a result of the
A. Geneva Convention B. Rush-Bagot Theory C. Hague Conferences D. Warsaw Pact |
C. Hague Conferences
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Which weapons system do analysts think could destabilize nuclear deterrence by undermining mutual assured destruction?
A. a national missile defense system B. strategic defense system C. missile technology control system D an intermediate-range nuclear weapons system |
A. a national missile defense system
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To date, how many Strategic Arms Reduction Treaties have been signed between the United States and Russia?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 |
A. 2
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Which of the following statements about attempts to ban nuclear testing is false?
A. almost 140 countries have become parties to the CTBT B. The US has refused to ratify the CTBT C. The CTBT has not gone into force D. The US has not signed the CTBT |
D. The US has not signed the CTBT
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Some countries resisted the Non-Proliferation Treaty renewal in 1995 on the grounds that
A. UN on-site inspections threatened state sovereignty B. nuclear-capable countries had not set time limits for dismantling their nuclear arsenals C. the NPT did not include language to address limiting biological and chemical weapons of mass destruction D. the NPT excluded the US and Russia from having to comply since they had reached a separate agreement under START II |
B. nuclear-capable countries had not set time limits for dismantling their nuclear arsenals
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Dual-use technology refers to
A. the idea that military technology serves as a diplomatic backdrop B. technology that may have peaceful as well as military applications C. improved military technology that allows one weapon to serve more than one purpose D. military power that can be used to defend both physical security and economic security |
B. technology that may have peaceful as well as military applications
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International barriers to arms control include all of the following except
A. worries about the possibility of future conflict B. doubts about the value of arms control C. concern about the environmental effects of arms control D. concern about verification and cheating |
C. concern about the environmental effects of arms control
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Which of the following are examples of national technical means of monitoring?
A. intelligence B. Satellites C. Seismic measuring devices D. both satellites and seismic measuring devices |
D. both satellites and seismic measuring devices
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A new trend in the evolution of international security has been
A. increased European economic integration B. the increasing frequency of UN's peacekeeping operations C. the control of biological and chemical weapons D. the gradual demise of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe |
B. the increasing frequency of UN peacekeeping operations
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Collective security has been
A. most effective in the domestic sphere B. most effective in the international sphere C. highly effective both domestically and internationally D. ineffective both domestically and internationally |
A. most effective in the domestic sphere
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In mid-2005, the country with the most UN peacekeepers has
A. the US B. Great Britain C. China D. Pakistan |
D. Pakistan
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About what percentage of Americans view the UN security role as "favorable"?
A. 15% B. 25% C. 65% D. 85% |
C. 65%
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True or False: Owning to increased globalism over the past 50 years, countries have spent almost twice as much money on UN peacekeeping operations as they have on their national military budget
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False
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True or False: The most common approach to arms control involves limiting the production of certain types of weapons
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False
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True or False: The acronym NPT stands for Non-Proliferation Treaty
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True
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True or False: Under the terms of Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty of 1972, the US and the Soviet Union agreed to reduce the number of nuclear arms that each country possessed
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False
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True or False: Under the terms of Biological Weapons Convention, signatories with biological weapons agreed to destroy them.
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True
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True or False: START II, unlike START I sought to limit conventional as well as nuclear weapons
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False
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True or False: The US has rejected the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty on the grounds that it will be prohibited from developing an antiballistic missile defense system.
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False
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True or False: An important challenge for enforcing the CWC is that many chemicals used in chemical weapons can have common, everyday uses
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True
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True or False: The spread of nuclear weapons has been fully contained thanks tot he NPT and other treaties
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False
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True or False: The Anti-Personnel Mine Treaty was supported by all members of the UN Security Council
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False
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True or False: In general, there is agreement that arms control is necessary for state security
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False
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True or False: Through UN on-site inspection, absolute verification of nuclear weapons is now possible
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False
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True or False: One significant barrier to arms control is national pride
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True
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True or False: The frequency of UN peacekeeping missions has increased in recent years
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True
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True or False: UN peacekeeping forces are generally composed of military contingents from smaller or nonaligned powers
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True
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- violence
- carried out by IV NGO, or covert government agents or units - specifically targets civilians - uses clandestine attack methods - attempts to influence politics |
What is terrorism?
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attacks by local nationals within their own country against or purely domestic target for domestic reasons
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What is domestic terrorism?
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terrorists involved in attacking a foreign target, either within their own country or abroad
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What is international terrorism?
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terrorism carried out directly by, or encouraged and funded by, an established government of a state
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What is state terrorism?
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those that operate across borders or that have cells and members in more than 1 country
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What is transnational terrorist group?
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terrorism carried out either across national borders or by groups that operate in more than 1 country
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What is transnational terrorism?
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- application of force using the technique of gureilla warfare
- covert operations - terrorism conducted by military forces or by paramilitary groups - rely frequently on eternal sources for funds and weapons - sometimes waged against nonmilitary targets and may use conventional weapons or weapons of mass destruction |
What is unconventional force?
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- over or covert use of relatively small units of troops or paramilitary forces, which conduct commands or guerilla operations, gather intelligence, and perform specialized roles
- EX: Green Berets, SEALS, and Delta Force |
What is Special Operations?
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application of force by uniformed military units usually against other uniformed military units or other clearly military targets using weapons other than biological, chemical, or nuclear weapons
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What is conventional warfare?
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- increase the level of fighting
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What is escalation?
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- keep lines of communications open
- limit goals - restrict geographical scope - observe target restrictions - limit weapons |
How to avoid unchecked escalation?
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- generally deemed to be nuclear weapons with great destructive power
- refers to application of force between countries using biological, chemical, and or nuclear weapons |
What are weapons of mass destruction?
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- missile or bomber capable of delivering weapons at a distance of more than 5500 km.
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What are strategic range delivery vehicles?
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- situation in which each nuclear superpower has the capability of launching a devastating nuclear second strike even after an enemy has attacked it
- basis of difference by punishment theory |
What are mutual assured destruction?
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- belief that because nuclear war might occur, countries must be ready to fight, survive, and win a nuclear war
- advocates this posture will limit the damage if nuclear war happens and will also make the war less likely by creating retaliatory options that are more credible than massive retaliation. |
What is Nuclear Utilization Theory?
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persuading an opponent not to attack by having enough forces to disable the attack and or launching a punishing counterattack
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What is deterrence?
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- approaches to the limitations of weapons
- range form; = restricting the growth in the number, types, or deployment of weapons = through the decrease of weapons, to the elimination of some types of weapons |
What is arms control?
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structured to significantly reduce the number of American and Russian nuclear weapons.
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What is Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty?
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- multilateral treaty concluded in 1968, then renewed and made permanent in 1995.
- agreement to not transfer nuclear weapons or assist, encourage, or induce any nonnuclear state to manufacture or otherwise acquire nuclear weapons |
What is Non-Proliferation Treaty?
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arms control verification technique that involves stationing your or neutral country's personnel in another country to monitor weapons or delivery vehicle manufacturing, testing, deployment, or other aspect of treaty compliance.
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What is on-site inspection?
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arms control verification technique that involves using satellites, seismic measuring devices, and other equipment to identify, locate, and monitor the manufacturing, testing, or deployment of weapons, delivery vehicles, or other aspects of treaty compliance.
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What is National Technical?
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- alliance of 26-member countries
- established in 1949 by; = CNA, US, and most of Western Europe to defend from members of outside - After Cold War, it has begun to admit members from Eastern Europe and expanded its mission to include peacekeeping. |
What is North Atlantic Treaty Organization?
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- original theory behind UN peacekeeping
- says aggression against one state is aggression against every member and should be defeated by the collective action of all. |
What is collective security?
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- use of military means by an international organization such as the UN to prevent fighting, by acting as a buffer between combatants.
- international force must be neutral between combatants. = have been invited by one of the combatants. |
What is peacekeeping?
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restoration of peace or the prevention of a breach of the peace by, if necessary, the assertive use of military force to compel 1 or more sides involved in a conflict to cease their violent actions.
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What is peace enforcement?
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total absence of armaments
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What is General and Complete Disarmament?
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bottom-up approach to avoidance of war, based on the belief that it is wrong to kill.
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What is pacifism?
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