Chapter 12 ( Preserving And Enhancing The Biosphere)

Front 1

Measuring a country's strength through traditional measures (such as GNP) and also through human and natural capital is known as
A. carrying capacity accounting
B. pragmatic accounting
C. holistic accounting
D. green accounting

Back 1

D. green accounting

Front 2

Which of the following is not a part of the biosphere?
A. upper atmosphere
B. land and water
C. living creatures
D. the earth's core

Back 2

D. the earth's core

Front 3

Individuals who believe that humans are doing serious, irreversible damage to the environment are espousing enviornmental
A. pessimism
B. optimism
C. absolutism
D. relativism

Back 3

D. relativism

Front 4

Environmental pessimists believe that each of the following will damage the environment and increase human suffering except
A. population control
B. ozone depletion
C. global warming
D. warfare over scarce natural resources

Back 4

A. population control

Front 5

The idea that humankind will be able to meet environmental needs and hence be able to continue to prosper is a guiding principle of environmental
A. pessimism
B. optimism
C. absolutism
D. relativism

Back 5

B. optimism

Front 6

One negative side effect of industrialization is
A. greatly expanded global wealth
B. increased amounts of pollution in the world
C. decreased infant mortality rates
D. extended life expectancy of individuals living in LDCs

Back 6

B. increased amounts of pollution in the world

Front 7

The Three Gorges project to generate nonpolluting energy through the construction of dams has been proposed by which country?
A. China
B. India
C. The US
D. Finland

Back 7

A. China

Front 8

Which statement accurately describes the first Earth Summit
A. Earth Summit I was a huge success
B. Earth Summit I accomplished some goals but not as much as was hoped
C. Earth Summit I was undermined by tension between the USSR and the USA
D. Earth Summit I was undermined by tensions between the "north" and the "south"

Back 8

D. Earth Summit I was undermined by tensions between the "north" and the "south"

Front 9

Which area is expected to experience a significant decline in population over the next fifty years?
A. North America
B. South America
C. Europe
D. Africa

Back 9

C. Europe

Front 10

One of the main voices of opposition to restraining population growth as outlined at the 1994 UN Conference on Population and Development (especially concerning abortion) was from
A. LDCs
B. CITs
C. The US
D. The Roman Catholic Church

Back 10

D. The Roman Catholic Church

Front 11

What is the primary mission of the UN Development Fund For Women?
A. to educate women about birth control methods
B. to advocate the use of safe and legal abortions as a means to curb population growth
C. to increase financial aid to women who agree not to have children
D. to provide women opportunities to enter historically male-dominated fields such as science and business

Back 11

D. to provide women opportunities to enter historically male-dominated fields such as science and business

Front 12

Which of the following countries relies heavily on nuclear power as its primary source of energy?
A. China
B. US
C. France
D. Great Britain

Back 12

C. France

Front 13

One of the primary causes of the leveling of Brazillian rain forests is
A. acid rain
B. climate changes, partly due to pollution from the burning of fossil fuels
C. Amazon Basin Flooding
D. native reliance on deforestation to meet economic needs

Back 13

D. native reliance on deforestation to meet economic needs

Front 14

Approximately what percentage of the Earth's surface is covered by water?
A. less than 20%
B. 40%
C. 60%
D. more than 70%

Back 14

D. more than 70%

Front 15

It is predicted that if current water consumption patterns continue, by 2050
A. nearly 100% of people will lack freshwater
B. nearly all people will have gained access to fresh water
C. 7 billion people in 60 countries will be facing a water shortage
D. most countries will have to depend on water sources that originate outside their borders

Back 15

C. 7 billion people in 60 countries will be facing a water shortage

Front 16

Which country continue to kill whales under the guise of scientific research despite the International Whaling Commission's ban on commercial whaling?
A. China
B. Sweden
C. US
D. Japan

Back 16

D. Japan

Front 17

The primary focus of the 19898 Basel Convention was to address
A. global warming
B. ozone depletion
C. pollution caused by burning coal
D. the dumping of hazardous wastes

Back 17

D. the dumping of hazardous wastes

Front 18

The thinning of the ozone layer causes
A. asthma
B. desertification
C. acid rain
D. cancer

Back 18

D. cancer

Front 19

The existence of what kind of states is threatened by global warming?
A. states with large desert areas
B. mountainous states
C. small island states
D. land locked states

Back 19

C. small island states

Front 20

True Or False: Environmental pessimists focus on the problems of environmental scarcities

Back 20

True

Front 21

True Or False: Industrial and scientific advances have caused many of the world's human and environmental problems

Back 21

True

Front 22

True Or False: Although people living in the North favor environmental protection, most are unwilling to make sacrifices in living standards to achieve this

Back 22

True

Front 23

True Or False: Earth Summit I brought many countries into agreement concerning environmental protection

Back 23

True

Front 24

True Or False: Earth Summit II produced two important treaties on global warming.

Back 24

False

Front 25

True Or False: Projections of future population trends show a marked increase in population growth

Back 25

True

Front 26

True Or False: EDCs and LDCs contribute equally to the exponential population growth.

Back 26

False

Front 27

True Or False: Gender equality is considered one solution to the population problem

Back 27

True

Front 28

True Or False: World energy needs are decreasing due to modern technological advances that have decreased our reliance on natural resources

Back 28

False

Front 29

True Or False: No Country has yet become reliant on nuclear energy

Back 29

False

Front 30

True Or False: The majority of energy is consumed in the developing countries in the South

Back 30

False

Front 31

True Or False: Most endangered species are being threatened with extinction because of their value as medicines

Back 31

False

Front 32

True Or False: "Green Parties" are a political force in most of the world

Back 32

False

Front 33

True Or False: Some analysts have suggested that water shortages may one day become a cause of international conflict

Back 33

True

Front 34

True Or False: Global warming is likely caused by carbon dioxide emissions

Back 34

True

Front 35

Earth's ecological system that supports life

Back 35

What is the biosphere?

Front 36

approach to measuring the comprehensive wrath of countries by calculating human and nature capital

Back 36

What is Green Accounting?

Front 37

analysts who predict that the world population will meet its needs while containing to grow economically through conservation, population restraints, and technological innovation

Back 37

What are economic optimists?

Front 38

analysts who predict environmental and ecological problems, based on current trends in ecology and economic pressure

Back 38

What are economic pessimists

Front 39

- number of people that an environment can sustain

Back 39

What is carrying capacity?

Front 40

ability to continue to improve the quality of life of those in the industrialized countries and, particularly, those in the LDC while simultaneously protecting Earth's biosphere

Back 40

What is sustainable development?

Front 41

UN-afflicted organization created in 1946 to address World Health Issues

Back 41

What is World Health Organization?

Front 42

supplement to the Global Warming Convention that require the EDC to reduce greenhouse gases emission by about 7% below their 1990 levels by 2012 and encourages, but does not require, LDC to reduce emissions.

Back 42

What is Kyoto Protocol?