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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Intermolecular forces |
The weak forces between molecules.
These are: 1. van der Waals' forces (temporary dipole-induced dipole forces), 2. permanent dipole-dipole forces, and 3. hydrogen bonds. |
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Ionic bond (Electrovalent bond) |
The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. May occur when one atom gives out an electron to the other atom. |
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Dot-and-cross diagrams |
A diagram to show the arrangement of the outer-shell electrons in an ionic or covalent compound, or an element. The electrons are drawn as dots and crosses to show which electron belongs to which atom. |
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Lone pairs (of electrons) |
Pairs of electrons in the outer shell of an atom that are not bonded. |
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Double covalent bond |
Two shared pairs of electrons bonding two atoms together. |
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Triple covalent bond |
Three shared pairs of electrons bonding two atoms together. |
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Co-ordinate bond (Dative covalent bond) |
A covalent bond in which the pair of electrons are provided from the same atom. |
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Bond energy/Bond enthalpy |
The energy needed to break 1 mole of a particular bond in 1 mole of gaseous molecules. |
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Delocalised electrons (mobile electrons) |
Electrons that are not associated with a particular atom and are free to move in the metal lattice. |
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Electronegativity |
The ability of an atom to attract the bonding electrons in a covalent bond. |
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Non-polar (molecule)
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A molecule with no separation of charge; it is neutral; it will not be attracted or repelled when it is near to a positive or negative charge.
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Polar (molecule) |
A molecule with a separation of charge; one side is positive and the other is negative; it will be attracted to a positive or negative charge. |
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Polar (covalent bond) |
A covalent bond in which the two bonding electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, in the bond.The atom that has the bond pair closer to itself will has a partial negative charge, called delta negative, and the other atom in the bond will has a partial positive charge, called delta positive. |
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Van der Waals' forces |
The weak forces of attraction between molecules caused by the formation of temporary dipoles. |
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Permanent dipole-dipole forces |
A type of intermolecular forces between molecules that have permanent dipoles. |
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Hydrogen bonding |
The strongest type of intermolecular force - it is formed between molecules having a hydrogen atom bonded to one of the most electronegative elements (F, O or N). |
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Electron-pair repulsion |
lone pair-lone pair ^ lone pair-bond pair ^ bond pair-bond pair |
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Shape and bond angle of boron trifluoride |
Trigonal planar 120 degree |
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Shape and bond angle of carbon dioxide |
Linear 180 degree |
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Shape and bond angle of methane |
Tetrahedral |
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Shape and bond angle of ammonia |
Trigonal pyramidal 107 degree |
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Shape and bond angle of water |
Non-linear 104.5 |
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Shape and bond angle of sulfur hexafluoride |
Octahedral 90 degree |
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Shape and bond angle of phosphorus pentafluoride |
Trigonal bipyramid Two 90 degree Three 120 degree |
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Shape and bond angle of ethane |
Tetrahedral |
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Shape and bond angle of ethene
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Planar
117 degree |
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Sigma bond |
Forms when two electron orbitals overlap from end to end. |
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Pi bond |
Forms when two electron orbitals overlap side-ways |
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Metallic bonding |
A bonding formed when a lattice is made from positive ions surrounded by mobile electrons. |
