Chapter 3 - Anatomy And Physiology

Front 1

What is the study of the organs and systems of the body?

Back 1

Anatomy

Front 2

What is the study of the functions the organs and systems of the body perform?

Back 2

Physiology

Front 3

What is the study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye?

Back 3

Gross anatomy

Front 4

What is the study of structures too small to be seen except through a microscope called? What is another term for this?

Back 4

Histology or microscopic anatomy

Front 5

What are the four building blocks of the human body?

Back 5

Cells

Tissues

Organs

Systems

Front 6

What are the basic units of living matter?

Back 6

Cells

Front 7

What gel like substance are cells composed of?

Back 7

Protoplasm

Front 8

What are the three basic parts of a cell and what do they do?

Back 8

1. The nucleus – control centre of cell activities

2. The cytoplasm – production department of the cell where most of the cells activities take place

3. The cell membrane – outer surface of the cell which encloses the protoplasm

Front 9

What are five things cells need in order to grow and remain healthy?

Back 9

Adequate supply of food

Oxygen

Water

Proper temperature

The ability to eliminate waste products

Front 10

What is the chemical process in which cells receive nutrients for cell growth and reproduction known as?

Back 10

Metabolism

Front 11

What are the two phases of metabolism? Describe each

Back 11

1. Anabolism – the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones

2. Catabolism – the process of breaking down larger molecules or substances into smaller ones

Front 12

What are tissues made up of?

Back 12

Groups of cells of the same kind

Front 13

What are the five primary types of tissue in the human body? What does each one do?

Back 13

1. Epithelial tissue – covers and protects body surfaces and internal organs

2. Connective tissue – supports, protects and holds the body together

3. Nerve tissue – coordinates body functions in addition to caring messages to and from the brain and spinal cord

4. Muscular tissue – contracts when stimulated to produce motion

5. Liquid tissue – carries food, waste products and hormones

Front 14

What are separate body structures that perform specific functions? What are they composed of?

Back 14

Organs. They are composed of two or more different tissues

Front 15

What are the eight organs of primary importance and what do they do?

Back 15

1. Brain – controls all body functions

2. Eyes – control vision

3. Heart – circulates the blood

4. Lungs – supply the blood with oxygen

5. Stomach and intestines – digest food

6. Liver – removes the toxic byproducts of digestion

7. Kidneys – eliminates water and waste products

8. Skin – the body‘s largest organ, which forms the external protective layer of the body

Front 16

What is a group of body structures and/or organs that, together, perform one or more vital functions for the body?

Back 16

A system

Front 17

What are the 10 body systems and what does each one do?

Back 17

1. Skeletal – provides framework of the body

2. Muscular – moves the body

3. Circulatory – circulates blood through the body

4. Nervous – sends and receives body messages

5. Digestive – supplies food to the body

6. Excretory – eliminates waste from the body

7. Respiratory – controls breathing of the body

8. Endocrine – controls growth and general health and reproduction of the body

9. Reproductive – allows living organisms to produce others of its kind

10. Integumentary – controls the sebaceous (oil) and sudoriferous (sweat) glands

Front 18

How many bones the skeletal system composed of?

Back 18

206

Front 19

What is the point at which two or more bones are joined together?

Back 19

Joint

Front 20

What is the study of bones?

Back 20

Osteology

Front 21

What is the technical term for bone?

Back 21

Os

Front 22

What are the three shapes bones are described as?

Back 22

Long, flat, or irregular

Front 23

What are bones composed of, what do they produce and what do they store?

Back 23

They are composed of 2/3 mineral matter and 1/3 organic matter. They produce red and white blood cells. They store calcium

Front 24

What are the four functions of the skeletal system?

Back 24

1. Supporting the body by giving it shape and strength

2. Surrounding in protecting internal organs

3. Providing a frame to which muscles can attach

4. Allowing body movement

Front 25

What two groups are the bones of the skull divided into? How many bones does each group have?

Back 25

The cranium – 8 bones

The facial skeleton – 14 bones

Front 26

Of the eight bones that compose the cranium how many are affected by scalp massage?

Back 26

Six

Front 27

What are bones of the cranium affected by scalp massage?

Back 27

Frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal

Front 28

Of the 14 bones that compose the facial skeleton how many are involved in facial massage?

Back 28

Nine

Front 29

What is the bone located on the little finger side of the lower arm?

Back 29

The ulna

Front 30

What are the eight small bones held together by ligaments to form the wrist or carpus?

Back 30

Carpals

Front 31

What are the five long thin bones that form the palm of the hand?

Back 31

The metacarpals

Front 32

What are the bones that form the digits or fingers? How many bones in total?

Back 32

The phalanges – 14 bones

Front 33

What are the bones of the facial skeleton that are affected by facial massage?

Back 33

The mandible, the maxillae, the nasal, the zygomatic and the lacrimal

Front 34

What makes up the seven bones that form the top part of the spinal column?

Back 34

The cervical vertebrae

Front 35

What is the U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the muscle of the tongue?

Back 35

The hyoid

Front 36

What is the bony cage that encloses and protects the heart, lungs and other internal organs?

Back 36

The chest or thorax

Front 37

What are the bones of the spine called?

Back 37

The thoracic vertebrae

Front 38

What is the bone that forms the area from the throat to the shoulder known as?

Back 38

The clavicle or collarbone

Front 39

What is the large, flat bone extending from the middle of the back upward to the joint where it attaches to the clavicle called?

Back 39

The scapula

Front 40

What is the largest bone of the upper arm that extends from the elbow to the shoulder?

Back 40

The humerus

Front 41

What is the small bone on the thumb side of the lower arm or forearm?

Back 41

The radius