Chapter 3

Front 1

The difficulty people have adjusting to a new culture that differs markedly from their own

Back 1

Culture Shock

Front 2

When one makes adjustements about other cultures based on the customs and values of one's own.

Back 2

Ethnocentrism

Front 3

Recognizing cultures must be understood on their own terms before valid comparisons can be made

Back 3

Culture relativism

Front 4

All the things humans make and use, from small hand-held tools to skyscrapers

Back 4

Material culture

Front 5

The totality of knowledge, beliefs, values, and rules for appropriate behavior

Back 5

Culture

Front 6

Agreed upon rules of behavior shared within a culture that prescribe the limits of acceptable behavior

Back 6

Norms

Front 7

Strongly held norms that usually have a moral connotation and are based on central values of the culture

Back 7

Mores

Front 8

The expectations of what people should do under perfect conditions

Back 8

ideal norms

Front 9

A culture's general orientation toward life, encompassing what is good, bad, desirable, and undesirable

Back 9

Values

Front 10

Anything reresenting something else, carrying a particular meaning recognized by a member of a culture

Back 10

Symbol

Front 11

The phenomena through which new patterns of behavior emerge even though they conflict with traditional values.

Back 11

Cultural lag

Front 12

Established or standardized rituals marking major life transitions

Back 12

Rites of passage

Front 13

The prohibition of a specific action

Back 13

Taboo

Front 14

Models of patterns that have developed in all cultures to resolve basic common societal problems

Back 14

Cultural Universals

Front 15

Norms that permit a wide degree of individual interpretation as long as certain limits are not overstepped

Back 15

Folkways

Front 16

Discovered that chimpanzees living in nature use and construct tools.

Back 16

Jane van Lawick-Goodall

Front 17

Argued that the language a person uses determines his or her perception of reality

Back 17

Sapir and Whorf

Front 18

Developed the concept of cultural lag to describe the phenomenon through which new patterns of behavior may emerge, even though they conflict with traditional values

Back 18

William F. Ogburn

Front 19

Harvard professor who argues that the "Clash of Civilizations" between Western and Islamic cultures will be a major source of future international conflict

Back 19

Samuel P. Huntington

Front 20

Believes the United States has uniques cultural values which set it apart from the rest of the world, although those values can produce both positive and negative outcome

Back 20

Seymour and Martin Lipset

Front 21

Anthropologist who, while studying the Yanomama, encountered severe conflict while trying not to interfere in their culture behaviors which ran very counter to its values

Back 21

Kenneth Good

Front 22

Researchers who reached the conclusion that Southerns and Northerners have different values about the appropriate use of viloence in those areas linked to notions of honor and respect

Back 22

Nisbett and Cohen

Front 23

Anthropologist whose field work in the Phillipines allowed her to observe and compare cultural differences in responses to death

Back 23

Mary Catherine Bateson

Front 24

Conducted the first and most widely known experiment in ape language in 1966 with a chimpanzee named Washoe

Back 24

Allen and Beatrix Gardner