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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Capnometry provides a noninvasive measure of ETCO2 levels, thus providing information on these 3 things.
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status of systemic metabolism, circulation and ventilation.
P1096 |
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CO2 is detected by using either??
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colorimetric or infrared
P1096 |
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when the paper is exposed to CO2, ___________ are generated, causing a color change in the paper.
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Hydrogen ions (H+)
P1096 |
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Colorimetric devices cannot detect_________ and _______.
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Hypercarbia and Hypocarbia
P1096 |
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Electronic devices are either ________ or __________.
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qualitative - simply detect CO2
quantitative - measure how much CO2 P1096 |
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4 phases of a capnogram.
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P1 respiratory baseline.
P2 respiratory upstroke. P3 respiratory plateau. P4 inspiratory phase. P1097 |
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CO2 levels _____________ following the onset of cardiac arrest. They begin to rise with the onset of ______________ and reurn to ______________ levels with ROSC.
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Fall abruptly
Effective CPR near normal P1097 |
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__________ always has the first priority.
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Airway
P1098 |
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COPD is known to be caused by what?
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cigarette smoking and environmental toxins
P1101 |
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Obstructive lung diseases all have abnormal __________ as a common feature.
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Ventilation
P1101 |
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Sustained smooth bronchial muscle contraction is???
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Bronchospasm
P1101 |
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Upper Airway Obstruction (UAO) Path
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foreign objects, ETOH, facial or neck trauma, airway burns, allergic reactions, infections.
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(UAO) assessment
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silent cough, cyanosis, inability to speak or breathe, snoring respirations, itching sensation to palate, lump in throat, hoarseness, inspiratory stridor, urticaria(HIVES), intercostal muscle retraction, strap muscle of the neck, possible steady increase of ETCO2
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(UAO) management
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Basic airway maneuvers
removal of obstuction O2, IV, monitor Benadryl 50mg IVP Epi 1-1000 .3 - .5mg IM or SQ |
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Non Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema/ ARDS possible causes
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Sepsis, aspiration, pneumonia, respiratory infections, pulmonary injury, burns, inhalation injury, O2 toxicity, drugs (ASA or opiates) high altitude, hypothermia, near-drowning, head injury, emboli-blot clot, fat or amniotic fluid, tumor destruction, pancreatitis, procedures: cardiopulmonary bypass or hemodialysis, insults: hypoxia, hypotension, cardiac arrest.
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Non Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema/ ARDS Patho
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Disorder of the lung
inability to maintain proper fluid balance in the interstitial space. Disruption of the alveolar capillary membrane increases pulmonary capillary permeability. Increases in osmotic forces act to draw fluid into the interstitial space and contribute to interstitial edema which limits diffusion of O2. |
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Non Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema/ ARDS advanced cases
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fluid accumulation in alveoli causes loss of surfactant, collapse of alveolar sacs, impaired gas exchange, significant pulmonary shunting, w/ unoxygenated blood return, results in significant hypoxia
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Non Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema/ ARDS assessment
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ARDS - underlying conditions
HX of prolonged hypoxia Head or chest trauma Inhalation of gases Ascent to high altitude w/o prior acclimation Sepsis Gradual decline in respiratory status "Rare cases sudden onset of a health pt" Possible (HAPE) High Altitude Pulmonary Edema. Dyspnea, Confusion, agitation, fatigue, reduced exercise ability, "Not common" Orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, sputum production "Prominent findings" Tachypnea, Tachycardia, Rales, Wheezing, Central cyanosis, imminent respiratory failure, < O2sat, < lung compliance. |
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Non Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema/ ARDS Management
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TX of underlying condition
ALS Fluids for hypovolemia Suction if needed CPAP Possible Corticosteroids Albuterol, Atrovent |
