Chapter 26 Molecular Biology

Front 1

proteome

Back 1

The total set of proteins encoded by a genome or the total protein complement of an organism

Front 2

translatome

Back 2

The total set of proteins that have actually been translated and are present in a cell under any particular set of conditions

Front 3

sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)

Back 3

Detergent used to unfold proteins and cover then with negative charges for electrophoresis

Front 4

Coomassie Blue

Back 4

A blue dye used to stain proteins

Front 5

isoelectric focusing

Back 5

Technique for separating proteins according to their charge by means of electrophoresis through a pH gradient.

Front 6

electrospray ionization (ESI)

Back 6

Type of mass spectrometry in which gas-phase ions are generated from ions in solution.

Front 7

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)

Back 7

Technique for separating proteins by electrophoresis on a gel made from polyacrylamide

Front 8

matrix-assisted laser desoption-ionization (MALDI)

Back 8

Type of mass spectrometry in which gas-phase ions are generated from a solid sample by a pulsed laser

Front 9

mass spectrometry

Back 9

Technique for measuring the mass of molecular ions derived from volatilized molecules

Front 10

time-of-flight (TOF)

Back 10

Type of mass spectrometry detector that measures the time for an ion to fly from the ion source to the detector

Front 11

Western Blot

Back 11

Detection method in which an antibody is used to identify a specific protein.

Front 12

avidin

Back 12

Protein from egg-white that binds biotin very tightly

Front 13

FLAG tag

Back 13

A short peptide tag (AspTyrLysAspAspAspAspLys) that is bound by a specific anti-FLAG antibody that may be attached to a resin for use in column purification or proteins

Front 14

glutathion-S-transferase

Back 14

Enzyme that binds to tripeptide, glutathione. GST is often used in making fusion proteins

Front 15

His tag

Back 15

Six tandem histidine residues that are fused to proteins so allowing purification by binding to nickel ions that are attached to a solid support. Also known as polyhistidine tag.

Front 16

maltose-binding protein (MBP)

Back 16

Protein of E. Coli that binds maltose during transport. MBP is often used in making fusion proteins.

Front 17

protein A

Back 17

Antibody binding protein from Staphylococcus that is often used in making fusion proteins.

Front 18

strepavidin

Back 18

Protein from Streptococcus that binds biotin very tightly

Front 19

tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)

Back 19

Two successive rounds of mass spectrometry in which a parent ion is first isolated and then fragmented in to daughter ions for more detailed analysis

Front 20

intein

Back 20

Self-splicing intervening sequence that is found in protein

Front 21

phage display

Back 21

fusion of a protein or peptide to the coat protein of a bacteriophage whose genome also carries the cloned gene encoding the protein. The protein is displayed on the outside of the virus particle and the corresponding gene is carried on the inside.

Front 22

biopanning

Back 22

Method of screening a phage display library for a desired displayed protein by binding to a bait molecule attached to a solid support

Front 23

phage display library

Back 23

collection of a large number of modified phages displaying different peptide or protein sequences

Front 24

protein interactome

Back 24

The total of all protein-protein interactions in a particular cell or organism

Front 25

two-hybrid system

Back 25

Method of screening for protein-protein interactions that uses fusion of the proteins being investigated to the two separate domains of a transcriptional activator protein

Front 26

bait

Back 26

The fusion between DNA binding domain of a transcriptional activator protein and another protein as used in two-hybrid screening

Front 27

prey

Back 27

The fusion between the activator domain of a transcriptional activator protein and another protein as used in two-hybrid screening

Front 28

co-immunoprecipitation

Back 28

Method of identifying protein-protein interaction by using antibodies to one of the proteins

Front 29

calmodulin

Back 29

A small calcium binding protein of animal cells

Front 30

metabolome

Back 30

The total complement of small molecules and metabolic intermediates of a cell or organism

Front 31

protein microarray

Back 31

Microarray of immobilized proteins used for proteome analysis and normally screened by fluorescent or radioactive labeling.