Chapter 23

Front 1

what are the symptoms of pseudomonas auriginosa infection

Back 1

- change in tissue color
- chills, fever, skin lesions and shock
- cauused by bacterial infection in bloodstream

Front 2

- motile by means of single polar flagellum
- generally aerobic
- can grow anaerobically in the presence of nitrate

Back 2

pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 3

produces numerous water soluble pigments

- pigments combine to produce color change in tissues

Back 3

pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 4

what are the early symptoms of tetanus

Back 4

- restlessness
- irritibility
- difficulty swallowing
- contraction of jaw muscles
- convulsions - particularly in children

Front 5

what are the early symptoms of tetanus

Back 5

- increased muscle involvement
- pain
- difficulty breathing
- death

Front 6

what causes pain with tetanus

Back 6

more muscle involvement creates more severe pain

Front 7

what causes difficulty with breathing with tetanus

Back 7

the development of pneumonia

Front 8

what causes death with tetanus

Back 8

- pneumonia

- regurgitation of stomach contents into lungs

Front 9

what is the causative agent of tetanus

Back 9

clostridium tetani

Front 10

- anaerobic
- gm +
- bacillus
- spore former
- swarming growth on lab media

Back 10

c. tetani

Front 11

produces spherical spores instead of oval spores produced by other bacteria of the genus

Back 11

clostridium tetani

Front 12

- begin abruptly
- rapidly increase pain
- increased swelling
- thin bloody fluid leaks from wound

Back 12

clostridial myonecrosis

Front 13

- skin becomes stretched and mottled with black spots

- patient appears very ill but alert

Back 13

clostridial myonecrosis

Front 14

what is the most common cause of clostridial myonecrosis

Back 14

c. perfringens

Front 15

- encapsulated
- gm + rods
- produce spores

Back 15

c. perfingens

Front 16

what 2 factors foster the development of clostridial myenecrosis

Back 16

- presence of dirt and dead tissue in wound

- long delays in treatment

Front 17

what are som symptoms of staph wound infections

Back 17

- bacteria are pyogenic (pus)

- inflammation
- fever in cases where infection has spread
- some strains produce toxic shock syndrome

Front 18

- gm + cocci
- grow aerobically or anaerobically (facultative)
- salt tolerant

Back 18

staphylococci

Front 19

what strains of staph are most inportant and easily transfer from person to person

Back 19

s. aureus
e. epidermidis

Front 20

- virulence due to production of extracellular products

Back 20

s. aureus

Front 21

- coagulase
- clumping factor
- protein A
- alpha toxin

Back 21

s. aureus

Front 22

causes blood clotting to evade phagocytosis

Back 22

s. aureus coagulase

Front 23

aids in bacterial wound colonization

Back 23

s. aureus clumping factor

Front 24

hide bacteria from phagocytic cells

Back 24

s. aureus protein A

Front 25

produces hole in host cell membrane

Back 25

s. aureus alpha toxin

Front 26

bacteria have little or no invasive ability in staph wound infections

Back 26

s. epidermidis

Front 27

- maintained on skin surface
- introduced into body from wound
- internalized strain bind and allow colonization of indwelling devices

Back 27

s. epidermidis

Front 28

what are the symptoms of group A strep infections

Back 28

- acute pain at site of wound
- swelling
- fever and confusion
- overlying skin tightens and becomes discolored
- shock and death

Front 29

what happens in the absence of treatment in group A strep infections

Back 29

shock and death

Front 30

- group A lancefield cell wall polysaccharide
- some strains cause invasive infection two extracellular products are responsible for virulence

Back 30

s. pyogenes

Front 31

what are the two extracellular products of s. pyogenes that are responsible for virulence

Back 31

pyrogenicexotoxin A
exotoxin B

Front 32

acts as a superantigen and causes streptococcal toxic shock

Back 32

pyrogenic exotoxin A

Front 33

destroys tissue through protein breakdown

Back 33

exotoxin B

Front 34

what are the symptoms of actinomycosis

Back 34

- lumpy jaw
- progresses slowly
- sometimes includes painful swelling under the skin
- swollen regions open and drain pus
most cases involve the jaw or neck
- scars and swelling give rise to name "lumpy jaw"

Front 35

- openings usually heal
- lesions reappear at the same or nearby region within days oe weeks
- recurring lesions may develop on chest and abdominal wall or genital tract of women

Back 35

actinomycosis

Front 36

what is the causative agent of actinomycosis

Back 36

actinomyces israelii

Front 37

- gm +
- filamentous
- branching
- anaerobic
- slow growing
- rod

Back 37

actinomyces israelii

Front 38

what are the symptoms of pastuerella multocida

Back 38

- no reliable symptoms that distinguish one bite from another

Front 39

what are the generalized symptoms of pastuerella multocida

Back 39

- spreading redness
- tenderness
- swelling of adjacent tissues
- pus discharge

Front 40

- gm -
- facultative anaerobe
- coccobacillus
- most are encapsulated

Back 40

pastuerella multocida

Front 41

what is the pathogenicity of pastuerella multocida

Back 41

- details unknown
- some strains produce toxin
* pus often foul smelling
- capsules resist phagocytosis

Front 42

what are the symptoms of cat scratch disease

Back 42

- disease begins within a week of scratch or bite
- development of pus filled pimple
- painful enlargement of lymph nodes
- fever

Front 43

- nodes at region of wound enlarge in 1-7 weeks
- in about 50% or patients, nodes become pus filled

Back 43

cat scratch disease

Front 44

what is the causative agent of cat scratch disease

Back 44

bartonella henselae

Front 45

- gm - bacilli
- slightly curved

Back 45

bartonella henselae

Front 46

what are the symptoms of human bites

Back 46

- wound may appear insignificant
- painful with massive swelling
- pus discharge
- most wounds are on exterior of hand
- bactorella
- bacteridis

Front 47

often foul smelling

Back 47

pus discharge in human bites