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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe 3 methods for disguising the taste of objectionable tasting drugs.
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1. have patient drink a liberal amount of flavored liquid or juice
2. have patient suck on ice chips beforehand 3. store medication in the refrigerator, esp. if oily 4. use syring to place on the back of the pt's tongue 5. offer oral hygiene immediately afterwards |
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For which patients are oral medications contraindicated?
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patients who:
cannot swallow fluids have nausea or vomiting are NPO |
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Transdermal medications have a ________ effect.
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systemic
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Washing out a body cavity with a steady stream of fluid or water.
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irrigation
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Insertion of medication into a body cavity for retention and absorption.
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instillation
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When should you use sterile technique when performing otic instillations?
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when the eardrum is ruptured
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What are the 2 undesired effects of self-administered nasal decongestants?
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rebound effect
systemic side effects |
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When is rectal instillation of a drug contraindicated?
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with rectal bleeding
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What route of administration should insulin be given? Why?
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subQ or IM
It would be destroyed in the GI tract. |
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_______ insulin is rapid acting and clear.
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Regular
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_______ insulin is cloudy due to added proteins. It is slower acting.
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NPH, Lente, Semi-Lente
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Why do you rotate sites when giving insulin injections?
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to promote absorption and to minimize tissue damage
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When giving enteral medications, how long should suction be discontinued after administration?
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20-30 minutes
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What essential information is written on the MAR?
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date
medication name, dosage, route, frequency time of administration nurse's initials special instructions |
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After reconstituting meds in a multidose vial, what must you write on it?
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your initials
date/time prepared expiration date/time dosage strength of final concentration |
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What type of insulin is long acting?
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Lantus
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What are the 5 components of an insulin order?
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brand name of insulin
# of units to be administered route time it should be given strength of the insulin |
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What is a coverage order for insulin?
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sliding scale for regular insulin based on the patient's CBG
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Which describes the following medication route:
giving medication in a feeding tube |
enteral (oral)
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Which describes the following medication route:
giving an IM injection |
parenteral
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Which describes the following medication route:
giving a sublingual nitroglycerin |
enteral (oral)
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Which describes the following medication route:
applying a transdermal patch for birth control |
topical
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Which describes the following medication route:
administering a nebulizer treatment |
inhalation
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Which describes the following medication route:
instillation of a medication into the rectum |
topical
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Which type of inhalation therapy provides measured doses of a nebulized drug in a gas propellant?
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metered dose inhaler (MDI)
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Name the 7 components of a medication order.
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client's name
date & time name of the med dosage route time & frequency signature |
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Medication orders can be written by whom?
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physician
dentist physician's assistant nurse midwife nurse practitioner |
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What are the 6 rights of medication administration?
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right client
right drug right dose right route right time right documentation |
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How many times should meds be checked before administration?
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three
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What is the process of administering medications?
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identify the client
inform the client administer the drug provide adjunctive interventions document client's response |
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What are the components of a syringe?
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barrel
hub plunger |
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Describe the 4 types of syringes, by capacity.
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standard (3,5,10 ml)
tuberculin (1 ml, 0.01 inc) insulin (0.3,0.5,1 ml) prefilled unit dose |
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Which needle is longer:
one used to give IM injections or one used to give start an IV |
IM
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Which needle has a longer bevel:
one used to give a TB shot or one used to give a SubQ injection |
SubQ
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For what type injections are the longest needles used by a nurse?
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IM
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Involves administration of the drug into the dermal layer just beneath the epidermis (forms a bleb).
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ID injection
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Involves placing the drug into the loose connective tissue under the dermis.
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Sub Q injection
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When giving a SubQ injection with a 5/8" needle, the angle of insertion is _____.
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45 degrees
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When giving a SubQ injection with a 3/8" needle, the angle of insertion is _____.
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90 degrees
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What are the two reasons for giving a ID injection?
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allergy testing
TB testing |
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What are the injection sites for an ID injection?
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underside of arms
chest upper back |
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What is the angle of insertion for an IM injection?
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90 degrees
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What is the angle of insertion for an ID injection?
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15 degrees
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This type of tissue injection has the fastest absorption due to increased vascularity.
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intramuscular
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When administering eye drops, where do you place the medication?
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into the conjunctival sac
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True or False:
An ampule is a closed system for drawing up medications. |
False
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True or False:
Inject the same amt of air into the ampule before withdrawing the medication. |
False
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What are 2 disadvantages for giving an injectable medication.
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1. increased risk of infection
2. possibility of tissue damage 3. onset of action is rapid, so it must be performed correctly |
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You should always aspirate before giving this type of injection due to the risk of injecting into a blood vessel.
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intramuscular
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For what type medication should you always add 0.2 ml of air after drawing the dose and never massage the site?
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heparin
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What are the 3 patient rights regarding medication administration?
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right reason
right to know right to refuse |
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What size syringe would you use for: irrigating a wound?
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large > 5 ml
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What size syringe would you use for: IM injection?
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2-3 ml
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What size syringe would you use for: administering insulin?
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</= 1 ml
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This type of infusion is connected to the primary IV line at a lower port; may be intermittent or infused at the same time.
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tandem setup
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This type of infusion is connected at the upper port of the primary tubing; intermittent use only.
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piggy back
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True or False:
IV Push (bolus) means a rapid push given within 15 seconds. |
False
(standard rate 1 ml/min) |
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Air should only be added to the syring in which situations?
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1. when the med is irritating to subQ tissues
2. when you change needles after drawing up a med (to push through the new needle) |
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What is the site of choice for IM injections in adults?
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ventrogluteal
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What is the site of choice for IM injections in children and infants?
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vastus lateralis
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Any substance that alters physiologic function, with the potential for affecting health.
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drug
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a drug administered for its therapeutic effect.
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medication
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What are the 3 classifications of medications?
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usage (why)
body systems (where) chemical class (what) |
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The science of drug effects.
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pharmacology
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What happens to the drug in the body (the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of a drug) is called ______________.
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pharmacokinetics
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What 3 ways do drugs alter physiologic functions?
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1)alter body fluids
2)alter cell membranes 3)interacting w/ receptor sites |
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What 4 factors affect drug absorption?
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1)route of administration
2)solubility of the drug 3)effects of pH & ionization 4)blood flow to the area |
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What 3 factors affect drug distribution in the body?
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1)local blood flow
2)membrane permeability 3)protein binding capacity |
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The chemical inactivation of a drug through its conversion into a more water-soluble compound or into metabolites that can be excreted by the body.
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drug metabolism
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What is the first-pass effect of drug metabolism?
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oral meds can almost be completely inactivated by absorption in the GI tract and circulation through the liver.
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Metabolism of drugs mainly takes place in the _______.
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liver
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What are the 4 common organs of excretion of drugs?
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kidneys (primary site)
liver & GI tract lungs exocrine glands |
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The study of how medications achieve their effects at various sites in the body.
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pharmacodynamics
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The predicted, intended, and desired effect of a drug.
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therapeutic or primary effect
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A secondary effect of a medication that produces wheezing, SOB, hypotension, and tachycardia is called _________.
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anaphylaxis
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An unexpected, abnormal or peculiar response to a medications is called a _____________.
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idiosyncratic reaction
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An unintended, predictable, and well tolerated secondary effect of a medication is called a ________________.
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side effect
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Where one drug interferes with the actions of another, decreasing the effect of the drug.
a)synergistic b)incompatibility c)antagonistic |
c)antagonistic (relationship)
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Where one drug increases the action of another drug, giving an additive effect.
a)synergistic b)incompatibility c)antagonistic |
a)synergistic
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What test is done to find out when a drug is at it's highest and lowest levels over time?
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peak & trough level
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The concentration of a drug in the blood stream that produces the desired effect without toxicity.
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therapeutic level
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The time needed for drug effects to appear.
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onset of action
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When the concentration of the medication is highest in the blood.
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peak action
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The amount of time it takes for half of the drug to be eliminated.
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biological half-life
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The highest plasma level achieved by the administration of a single dose of the drug.
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peak plasma level
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Decreasing response to repeat doses of a medication.
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tolerance
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A single dose medication, given immediately.
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STAT
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The best solution for medication errors is ________.
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prevention
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Name 3 physiologic changes associated with aging in regards to medications.
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decreased circulation
slower absorption slower metabolism decreased excretory fx decreased response to meds decreased body weight changes in mental status |
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The elderly require smaller / larger doses of medications due to the effects of aging.
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smaller (given further apart)
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The ingestion of numerous meds in an attempt to treat many conditions at once.
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polypharmacy
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