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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the heart, blood and blood vessels comprise the..........
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cardiovascular system
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what carries blood away from the heart to the lungs...via the pulmonary arteries
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Arteries
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what connects arteries and veins, where does the transition take place
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capillaries
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what carries blood back to the heart?
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veins
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What does blood consist of?
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serum and formed elements
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formed elements consist of....
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erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
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_________is the liquid remaining when formed elements and clotting proteins are removed from blood
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plasma
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the heart is composed of two parallel pumping chambers each of which contains an ....
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atrium and ventricle
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what are the three heart tissues in order from outer to inner
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pericardium, myocardium, and endocardium
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Blood is normally _______, that is it contains no microbes
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axenic
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blood and lymp may spread microbes througout the body to cause ____________
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systemic diseases
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in a patient with _______ pathogens are present in the blood and cause illness
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septicemia
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Septicemia results in the inflammation of the lympatic vessels, a conditon called....
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lymphangitis
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________refers specifically to bacteria septicemia
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bacteremia
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the cause of septicemia in the majority of patients is hidden and therfore it is called________
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occult septicemia
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the symptoms of septicemia are chacterized by fever, chills, nausea, vomiting..these signs and symptoms can progress rapidly to _______
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septic shock
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characterize septic shock
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a life threatening condition of extremely low blood pressure resulting from dilation of blood vessels
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bacterial septicemia can cause skin lesions called _______ or invade bones to cause_____ an inflammation of thebone and marrow
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petechiae, osteomyelitis
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when bacteria remain fixed at a site of infection but release toxins into the blood, the condition is called______
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toxemia
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living microbes release ______which can inhibit cell function or cause cell death
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exotoxins
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when a dieing gram negative bacteria disintegrat they release....
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endotoxin which is related to lipid A
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when endotoxins are released into they blood they may cause sever clotting called.....
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desseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
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______is cause by bacterial colonization of the endocardium that triggers an inflammatory condition and the formation of vegetation
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endocarditis
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fragments of vegetation called ________ can lodge in small blood vessels, stopping the flow of blood and causing damage such as a stroke
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emboli
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when endocarditis develops quickly it is called
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acute endocarditis
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when endocarditis develops slowly and over time it is called........
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subacute endocarditis
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endocarditis is usually cause by.........
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viridians streptococci
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diagonosis of endocarditis can be confirmed by visualization of vegetations via.........an
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echocardiogram
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What causes brucellosis?
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Brucella melitensis
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what is the classic symptom of brucellosis?
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a fluctuating fever that spikes ever afternoon, giving the disease a common name called undulant fever
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What is a way a human can get brucellosis?
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drinking unpastuerized milk
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Francisella tularensis causes..............
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tularemia, a zoonotic disease
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this is caused by bacillus Yersinia pestis
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Plague, also known as bubonic plague
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what is the classic symptom of bubonic plague?
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the sudden appearance of painfully inflamed lymph nodes called buboes
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what is the condition called when the plague bacilli spread from the bloodstream to the lungs, or are inhaled
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Pneumonic plague
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the bite of an Ixodes tick carrying the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi causes.......
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Lyme disease
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what is a symptom of lyme disease?
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an initial symptom is a red "bull's eye" rash at the site of the tick bite
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what causes erlichiosis?
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erlichia chaffeesis
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what causes anaplasmosis?
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Anaplasma phagocytophilum
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what are the symptoms of both erlichoisis and anaplasmosis, that have pretty much the same symptoms?
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flu like, and the decrease of white blood cells and platelets
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Infectious mononucleosis also known as kissing disease results from what virus?
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human herpesvirus 4, which is also known as Epstein-Barr virus
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a virus that remains laten and can be transmitted via sexual intercours, vaginal birth, blood transfusion....
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Cytomegalovirus Disease
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Yellow fever is cause by......
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Flavivirus
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how is yellow fever transmitted?
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it is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
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Yellow fever has how many stages?
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3
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What is the first stage of yellow fever?
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mild fever, headache, muscle aches, vomiting
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What is the second stage of yellow fever?
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remission
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what is the third stage of yellow fever?
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delirium, sezures, como, and degeneration of the liver kidneys and heart
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Dengues fever is similar to yellow fever in what aspects?
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cause by viruses in the genus Flavivirus and is transmitted by the Aedes mosquito
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dengue fever's other name is?
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breakbone fever
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Reinfection with dengue results in a much more sever disease called?
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Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
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Ebola hemorrhagic fever is caused by what virus?
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Ebola virus
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Marburg hemorrhagic fever is caused by what virus?
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Marburgvirus
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ebola and marburg are endemic to what country?
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Africa
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Which is more fatal ebolavirus or marburgvirus?
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Ebolavirus is fatal in up to 90% of patients
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Malaria is causes by protozoans of the genus?
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Plasmodium
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Toxoplasmosis is caused by?
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Toxoplasma gondii
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What is the definitive host of T Gondii?
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cats
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What causes Chaga's disease?
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Trypanosoma cruzi
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Chagas is endemic to where?
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Central and South America
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How do we become infected with trypanosoma cruzi?
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the disease is carried by blood sucking bugs in the genus Triatoma
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how do you diagnose chagas?
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by xenodiagnosis, a procedure in which a physician allows an uninfected bug to feed on a person
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What causes schistosomiasis?
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Parasitic blood flukes of the genus chistosoma, and causes swimmers itch
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what are the intermediate host of schistosomas?
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snails
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