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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What system is a separate set of thin vessels that return fluid lost from the blood capillaries back to the circulatory system?
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Lymphatic System
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What are the components of the Lymphatic System?
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lymphatic vessels
lymphoid organs lymph |
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What are the lymphoid organs?
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lymph nodes
spleen thymus (found only in children) tonsils Peyers Patches |
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What system helps with body defense?
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Lymphatic System
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Name the lymphatic vessels?
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Lymphatic capillaries
Collecting vessels Trunks Ducts |
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What are the six main functions of the lymphatic system?
Use this mnemonic: For Five Pounds Lola Dances Twice. |
Fluids-transports fluids back to tissues
Fats-transports digested fat via villi of SI back to blood. Plasma-return plasma proteins to bloodstream Lymphocytes-creates Defense-Immune fights invaders Transportation-move large molecular compounds to bloodstream |
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What tiny vessels become more porous when inflamed?
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Lymphatic capillaries
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Define trunks?
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large vessels that drain a broad area like legs, abdomen, arm, etc.
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Why are collecting vessels similar to veins?
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have valves but are not as rugged as veins
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What is the largest of all lymphatic vessels
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ducts
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Which duct arises from a bulbous collecting structure in the abdomen and empties into the left subclavian vein?
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Thoracic Duct
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What mechanism helps move lymph through the ducts, similar to the vena cavae?
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Respiratory pump
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Which lymphatic vessels collect fluid from tissues and have similar endothelial cells like their blood carrying cousins?
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lymphatic capillaries
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Explain the lymphatic process
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-Arterioles/arterial system leaks fluid (interstitial fluid)
-Interstitial fluid collects debris, old cells, etc. which is called lymph -Lymphatic capillaries collect the leaked fluid -Lymph is passed through muscular pumps -Collecting Vessels receive the leaked fluid from the LC -Lymph nodes filter fluids before entering trunks and ducts (this is when antibodies are produced) -Thus fluid is passed on to trunks and ducts |
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Lymph nodes are full of ____________and _____________to help process antigens and produce antibodies critical for body defense.
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lymphocytes and macrophages
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What is especially abundant where collecting vessels converge to form trunks?
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Lymph nodes
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What are lymph nodes?
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small discrete organs that lie along the path of lymphatic vessels. Critical in body defense.
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What is the largest lymphoid organ?
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spleen
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What quadrant is the spleen located in?
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Left upper quadrant or LUQ
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What is the function of the spleen?
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it cleans blood of debris and old erythrocytes
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What lymphoid organ provides a site for a large number of lymphocytes and macrophages involved in immunity?
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spleen
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What lymphoid organ is only found in children?
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thymus
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What does the thymus do?
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Helps build early immunity in adolescents
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Where is the thymus located?
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mediastinum
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Name two lymphoid organs that are a collection of lymphatic tissue found in the submucosa of areas highly prone to bacterial invasion?
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tonsils and peyer's patches
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Ducts empty back into what system?
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circulatory system
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What does the right lymphatic duct do?
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drains
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The rest of the body is drained by what duct?
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thoracic duct
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Name the process in which the fluid is cycled through the lymphatic system?
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Plasma
Interstitial Fluid Lymph back to Plasma |
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Name the route in which the lymphatic system uses when fluids drain into the tissues?
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Lymphatic Capillary
Lymphatic vessels Lymph node Lymphatic vessels Lymphatic trunk Collecting duct Subclavian vein |
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What are the two main types of mechanisms that body defense is divided into?
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Innate or non-specific defenses
adaptive or specific defenses |
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Which defenses are not necessarily directed against a particular type of invader as specified by the invader's antigens?
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Innate or non-specific defenses
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Which defenses are directed against a specific invader as identified by its surface proteins (antigens)?
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Adaptive or specific defenses
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What type of cells are found within the adaptive or specific defenses?
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Humoral Immunity - B cells
Cellular Immunity - T cells |
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Name all of the defenses found within the innate or non-specific defenses?
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Skin barriers: Skin and Mucous membranes
Internal defenses: Phagocytes, Fever, NK cells, Antimicrobial proteins and Inflammation |
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What is the first line of defense?
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Barriers
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What needs to be intact in order for defenses to be effective?
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Barriers
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Name the barriers?
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skin
mucous membrane and it's secretions |
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What is a natural killer cell?
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recognizes and destroys cancer cells and viral infected cells
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What innate defense will consume any invader but are much more efficient when directed by an adaptive mechanism?
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Phagocytes
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What is a general response triggered by tissue damage?
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inflammation
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Damaged tissues release a host of chemical mediators such as:
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kinins, prostaglandins, histamines, etc.
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Depending on the type of damage, name the three responses?
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Vascular
Neural Cellular |
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What happens in a cellular response?
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macrophages and neutrophils are attracted to the damaged area
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What response could cause pain or itching?
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Neural response
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What type of response causes heat, redness or swelling?
vasodilation cause redness and heat increased capillary permeability causes swelling |
Vascular response
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What may decrease availability of some minerals that bacteria need, while increases overall metabolism, and most importantly forces rest?
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Fever
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What causes the hypothalamus to reset the body temperature higher?
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pyrogens
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When macrophages consume an invader they release compounds called what?
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pyrogens
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What is a global increase in body temperature?
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fever
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What does the Humoral Immunity do?
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involves the design and production of antibodies
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What is Cell mediated immunity?
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mainly T-cells
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In cell mediated immunity macrophages consume an invader, processes the antigen, and presents to it a _________________ helper?
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T-cell
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In humoral immunity within the tissues of lymphoid organ, a macrophage consumes an invader and processes the antigen specific to that type of invader.
True or False |
True
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In humoral immunity the macrophage presents a _________________helper in a lymphoid organ?
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T-lymphocyte
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In humoral immunity the helper T-cell further processes the T-lymphocyte and presents a ______________________.
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B-lymphocyte
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In humoral immunity ___________________attaches to any cell with the specific antigen and tag it for destruction by __________________and compliment proteins.
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antibodies
phagocytes |
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In humoral immunity the _______________designs an antibody and then differentiates into lots of ____________ cells (cloning).
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B-cell
Plasma |
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In humoral immunity the B-cell designs can mass produce the antibody and a ____________which can quickly divide into many plasma cells if the antigen is encountered again.
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memory B-cell
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In cell mediated immunity a helper T-cell differentiates into a ______________ which destroys the invader and releases attractors for ______________.
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kill T-cell
phagocytes |
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In cell mediated immunity a helper T-cell differentiates into a __________________for remembering the specific antigen.
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memory T-cell
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In cell mediated immunity a helper T-cell differentiates into a __________________to turn off the killer cells after the threat has been resolved.
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suppressor (regulator) T-cell
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