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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Blood Type A
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RBC's have surface antigen A only
Plasma contains anti-B antibodies which will attack Type B surface |
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Blood Type B
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RBC's have surface antigen B only
Plasma contains anti-A antibodies which will attack Type A surface |
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Blood Type AB
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RBC's have both A and B surface antigens
Plasma has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies |
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Blood Type O
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RBS's lack both A and B surface antigens
Plasma contains both anti-A and anti-B antibodies |
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a cell normally found in the circulating blood?
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the reticulocyte, migrates from the marrow into the circulation.
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The agranular leukocyte (agranulocyte) that is capable of phagocytosis is the __________.
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monocyte
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Antigens of the surface of red blood cells are also called ________
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agglutinogens
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antibodies in the blood plasma are also called ________.
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agglutinins
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The common pathway in coagulation ends with __________.
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conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin
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These phases are part of hemostasis
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platelet phase
vascular phase coagulation phase |
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Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by
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the liver.
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The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the
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hematocrit
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Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?
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45 percent
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Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood
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deep red color from hemoglobin.
built-in system for clotting. temperature of approximately 38 degrees Celsius. pH of 7.4 |
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What component of hemoglobin is indicated by the red arrow?
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Iron
Iron (Fe) is in the middle of each heme |
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__________ stimulates production of red blood cells.
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erythropoietin
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the following statements concerning red blood cells are true
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Red cells are specialized for carrying oxygen.
Red cells are biconcave discs. Red cells can form stacks called rouleaux. Red cells lack mitochondria. |
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The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if
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a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.
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A person's blood type is determined largely by the
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presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.
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A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to
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cause clot dissolution to proceed faster.
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The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the
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activation of Factor XII exposed to collagen.
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Tissue factor (Factor III) is a factor in the ________ pathway.
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extrinsic
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The P wave of the electrocardiogram is closely followed by __________.
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contraction of both atria
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The volume of blood remaining in the ventricle as diastole begins is called the __________.
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end-systolic volume
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If you know both the heart rate and stroke volume, you can calculate the __________.
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cardiac output
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The pulmonary veins carry __________ blood to the __________ atrium.
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oxygenated; left
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Cardiac veins empty their blood into the __________.
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right atrium
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The heart is actually (one, two, or three) pumps?
Hint 1. Think about how many circuits you have studied. |
two pumps
Yes, the right side of the heart pumps to/from the lungs (pulmonary circuit) and the left side of the heart pumps to/from the rest of the body (the systemic circuit). |
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Which chamber receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae?
Hint 1. Which chamber receives unoxygenated blood? |
right atrium
Yes, the right atrium receives unoxygenated blood from the systemic circuit. |
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Which heart chamber receives blood from the pulmonary veins?
Hint 1. Which chamber receives oxygenated blood? |
left atrium
Yes, the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins |
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Which heart chamber pumps unoxygenated blood out the pulmonary trunk?
Hint 1. Which side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs? |
right ventricle
Yes, the right ventricle pumps unoxygenated blood out the pulmonary trunk to the lungs. |
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Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood out the aorta to the systemic circuit?
Hint 1. Think about which chambers are pumps. |
left ventricle
Yes, the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood out the aorta to the entire body (systemic circuit). |
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The epicardium is also known as the __________.
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visceral pericardium
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Which part of the conduction system initiates the depolarizing impulse, which spreads throughout the heart?
Hint 1. This area is known as the pacemaker of the heart. |
SA node
Yes, the SA Node spontaneously depolarizes, causing the wave of depolarization that spreads through the rest of the conduction system and heart. |
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What does the ECG wave tracing represent?
Hint 1. Remember that this wave is recorded from electrodes placed on the skin on various parts of the body. |
electrical activity in the heart
the ECG waves show the depolarization and repolarization in various areas of the heart. |
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What does the QRS complex represent in the ECG wave tracing?
Hint 1. This is a large wave. Which are larger in the heart, the ventricles or atria? |
ventricular depolarization
the QRS complex represents depolarization in the ventricles, which have greater mass than the atria. |
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Contraction of the atria results from which wave of depolarization on the ECG tracing?
Hint 1. Which happens first, atrial or ventricular depolarization? |
P wave
the P wave represents atrial depolarization, which leads to atrial contraction. |
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Which part of the intrinsic conduction system delays the impulse briefly before it moves on to the ventricles?
Hint 1. If this part delays the impulse before it moves into the ventricles, where must it be located? |
AV node
the AV node slows down the impulse giving the atria time to contract before the ventricles contract. |
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Which of the labeled valves will open during ventricular systole to allow the flow of blood to the lungs?
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The semilunar valve labeled B
Blood flows through the pulmonary semilunar valve, toward the lungs, during ventricular systole. |
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Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the __________.
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left atrium
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The __________ valve prevents backward flow of blood into the left ventricle.
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aortic
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Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the
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right atrium.
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The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to
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chordae tendineae.
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What occurs at the area labeled "C" on the graph?
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AV valve closes
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What occurs at the area labeled "B" on the graph?
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semilunar valve closes
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these responses by the heart, sympathetic stimulation can cause
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increased stroke volume
increased cardiac output increased heart rate |
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The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the
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stroke volume.
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What volume is labeled "F" on the graph?
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end-diastolic volume
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