Chapter 2: The Chemistry Of Biology

Front 1

Matter is composed of

Back 1

atoms

Front 2

Elements

Back 2

Pure substances with a characteristic number of protons, neutrons, and electrons and predictable chemical behaviors

Front 3

Atomic #

Back 3

# of protons

Front 4

Mass #

Back 4

# of protons and neutrons

Front 5

Isotopes

Back 5

Variant forms of of the same element that differ in the # of neutrons

Front 6

Atomic weight

Back 6

Average mass numbers of all isotopic forms

Front 7

Molecule

Back 7

A chemical substance that results from the combination of two or more atoms

Front 8

3 types of bonding

Back 8

Covalent, Ionic, Hydrogen

Front 9

Covalent bonds

Back 9

Electrons shared among atoms

Polar and nonpolar

Front 10

Ionic bonds

Back 10

Electrons transferred from one atom to the other atom

Forms: cations and anions

Front 11

Hydrogen bonds

Back 11

Weak bonds between hydrogen and other atoms

Front 12

Types of reactions

Back 12

Oxidation and reduction

Front 13

Oxidation

Back 13

the loss of electrons

Front 14

Reduction

Back 14

the gaining of electrons

Front 15

Solutes in water

Back 15

Hydrophilic, hydrophobic, amphipathic

Front 16

Amphipathic

Back 16

Molecules that have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic

Front 17

Acidic

Back 17

pH 0-6

Front 18

Basic

Back 18

pH 8-14

Front 19

Organic compounds

Back 19

Compounds containing carbon bonded to hydrogen

Front 20

Carbon is the

Back 20

fundamental element of life

Front 21

Carbon contains

Back 21

4 atoms in its outer orbital

Can form single, double, or triple covalent bonds

Can form linear, branched, or ringed molecules

Front 22

Function of organic compounds

Back 22

Confer unique reactive properties on the whole molecule

Front 23

4 Biological Macromolecules

Back 23

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

Front 24

Carbohydrate Saccharide

Back 24

Simple carbohydrate

Monosaccharide

Disaccharide

Polysaccharide

Front 25

Monosaccharide

Back 25

3-7 carbons

Front 26

Disaccaride

Back 26

Two monosaccharides

Front 27

Polysaccharide

Back 27

Five or more monosaccharides

Front 28

Lipids

Back 28

Long or complex, hydrophobic, C-H chains

Triglycerides, phospholipids in membranes, steroids in cholesterol

Front 29

Function of Triglycerides

Back 29

Energy storage

Front 30

Function of Phospholipid

Back 30

Major cell membrane component

Front 31

Function of Steroids

Back 31

Cell membrane component

Front 32

Protein structures

Back 32

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Front 33

Nucleic acids

Back 33

DNA and RNA, nucleotide monomer