• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/48

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

48 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Causitive agent for Shigellosis?
Shigella dysenteria, Shigella toxin, Shigella flexneri.
What is shigella dysenteria?
causes the severe form/most virulent
o Shiga toxin or verotoxin; A/B toxin kills intestinal and renal cells causing decreased absorption in L.intestines, fluid loss, renal failure (HUS – hemolytic uremic syndrome)
signs / symptoms for shigellosis?
developing countries
Signs/symptoms: “cardinal” symptoms include abdominal cramps and full blown dysentery
What is the ID:50 for Shgellosis?
10-200 rods
Pathogenesis for shigellosis?
organism is ingested > binds and enters GI cells >organisms replicates in GI cells > organism invades neighboring cells & avoids immune system
Treatment for shigellosis?
ampicillin or bactrim
How to prevent shigellosis?
Hand washing.
What 2 diseases does Salmonella cause?
Salmonalosis & typhoid fever.
Causitive agent for salmonellosis?
Salmonella sp.
1. S. enteric & bongari
2. Over 2000 serotypes! (variations w/ in sub species!)
Signs / symptoms for salmonellosis?
Fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea
Pathogenesis of Salmonellosis?
invasion of intestinal epithelial cells using invasions  inflammation.
Transmission of Salmonellosis?
i. Oral/fecal transmission via contaminated food!
ii. Poultry, eggs, beef, exotic pets (reptiles)
iii. Uncooked or undercooked eggs
iv. Raw or “rare” poultry.
treatment for salmonellosis?
oral or i.V rehydration.
Prevention for salmonellosis?
1. Proper cooking of eggs, poultry, etc.
2. Children <5 yrs – no pet lizards or turtles!!
Causative agents for typhoid fever?
Salmonella enteric enteric typhi and Salmonella enterica enterica paratyphi
Transmision for typhoid fever?
contaiminated water (fecal mater)
Reservoir for typhoid fever?
humans only!
Who are at right risk for typhoid fever?
travelers.
Symptoms for Typhoid fever?
over 100 F fever; malaise; chills (no diarrhea); headaches; rash (“rose colored spots”)
Causative agent for Giardiasis?
Giardia lamblia
Symptoms / signs for Giardiasis?
1. Prolonged diarrhea, flatulence (sulfur smell), nausea, abdominal cramps
2. Steatorrhea (excess fat in feces: malabsorption; rapid weight loss.
Transmission for Giardiasis?
oral / fecal tranmission ... conaminated water
Treatment for Giardiasis?
Flagyl (treatment for protozoans)
Prevention for Giardiasis?
water sanitation and hand washing.
Who are the main reservoirs for beaver fever?
1. Beavers are the main reservoir (shed cysts in fecal matter)
2. One of the most common waterborne disease in the U.S.
Pathogenesis for Giardiasis?
1. People ingest cysts – transform into trophozoites in stomach
2. Trophozoites can attach to villi-adhesive disc
3. They can ferment glucose in GI tract-flatulence.
causitive agent for – Peptic Ulcer Disease?
Helicobacter pylori
Signs and symptoms for peptic ulcer disease - heilobacter gastritis?
Abdominal pain, and vomiting.
Heliobacter pylori makes what enzyme?
Urease
Epidemiology for Peptic ulcer disease?
a. Isolated in culture in 1984
b. Gram negative, spiral bacilli, lophotrichous flagella
c. Colonizes as many as 45% of healthy adults in U.S. (15% develop ulcers)
d. Infects epithelial cells of stomach
e. Before 1982: ulcers associated with spicy food, stress, and lifestyle choices.
f. Now: H. pylori causes more than 90% of duodenal ulcers and 80% of gastric ulcers!
Transmission for peptic ulcer disease?
most likely – fecal / oral
What are the long term complications for peptic ulcer disease?
gastric cancer
pathogenesis for peptic ulcer disease?
Organism is ingested & colonizes the stomach
Treatment for peptic ulcer disease?
a. Extended treatment; 14 days
b. Cocktail treatment: Amoxacillin(acid resistant), Clarithromycin(acid resistant), Prilosec. (reduces acid)
Tape worm causative agents?
1. Taenia saginata – beef tape worm
2. Taenia solium – pork tapeworm
Signs and symtpoms for tape worms?
nasea, vomiting
1. Abdominal discomfort – may be mild; weight loss
2. Seizures, if brain infected (cystercerosis, T. solium only); if eyes infected patients “see shadows”
Epidemiology for tape worms?
1. Mode of transmission: eating larvae in undercooked beef or pork or ingesting eggs from fecal/oral (food, water, yourself!)
2. Cystiercosis can occur with T. Solium only; results from ingesting eggs (fecal / oral) that become invasive larvae in the digestive tract; larvae encyst in muscle, brain, and eyes!
treatment for tape worms?
Mebendazole & steroids (reduce swelling); steroids only for cysticercosis
How to prevent tape worms
cook meat!
Signs of Staphylcoccal "food poisoning"?
Rapid onset of nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea.
Pathogenesis for "food poisoning"?
1. Enterotoxin activates votimiting reflex
2. “intoxication” - eating food with toxin already in it.
Treatment for "food poisoning"?
1. Oral or I.V. rehydration (antibiotics not helpful)
Causative agent for cholera?
Vibrio cholera
Signs / symptoms for cholera?
2. “Rice-water stools”
3. Severe watery diarrhea (20 liters/day!!!)
4. Vomitting and muscle cramps.
5. Severe cases-shock (deadly within hours)
Pathogenesis for cholera?
Cholera bacteria produces entertoxin > binds intestinal cells > reverse intestinal absorption. cAMP tells to reverse intestinal abosorption.
Epidemiology for cholera?
: Fecal/oral transmission
1. Contaminated water (human feces)
2. Bacteria can grow in marine estuaries (reservoir)
3. Food – crab, uncooked fish or shellfish
Treatment for cholera?
Oral rehydration / IV + antibiotic
Prevention for cholera?
Oral cholera vaccine (OCV) available travelers; not 100% protective
1. Water sanitation
2. Boil it, peel it, or forget it.