Chapter 2 Medical Terminology

Front 1

cell membrane

Back 1

surrounds and protects the cell and regulates what passes into the cells

Front 2

nucleus

Back 2

controls the operations of the cell. Directos cell division and determines the structure and function of the cell

Front 3

chromosomes

Back 3

rod-like structures within the nucleus.

Front 4

genes

Back 4

regions of chromosomes. contain DNA.

Front 5

karyotype

Back 5

photograph of an individuals chromosomes

Front 6

cytoplasm

Back 6

all the material inside the cell membrane but outside the nucleus. Carries on the work of the cell

Front 7

mitochrondria

Back 7

produce energy by burning fuel in the process of oxygen.

Front 8

catabolism

Back 8

complex foods are broken down

Front 9

endoplsmic reticulum

Back 9

network of canals than build up complex materials such as proteins

Front 10

anabolsim

Back 10

building up of proteins

Front 11

epithelial tissue

Back 11

forms linings of internal oregans, and outer surface of skin covering the body. lines exocrine and endocrine glands

Front 12

muscle tissue

Back 12

allows movement;

Front 13

connective

Back 13

adipose and cartiledge

Front 14

nerve

Back 14

conducts impulses all over the body

Front 15

adipose tissue

Back 15

collection of fat cells

Front 16

cartilage

Back 16

flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints.

Front 17

histologist

Back 17

specialist in the study of tissues

Front 18

larynx

Back 18

voice box; located at the upper part of the trachea

Front 19

pharynx

Back 19

throat.

Front 20

pituitary gland

Back 20

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

Front 21

thyroid gland

Back 21

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

Front 22

trachea

Back 22

windpipe; tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes

Front 23

ureter

Back 23

one of two tubes leading from a kidney to the urinary bladder

Front 24

urethra

Back 24

tube from urinaary bladder to the outside of the body

Front 25

uterus

Back 25

the womb.

Front 26

viscera

Back 26

inernal organs

Front 27

cranial cavities

Back 27

in the skull, contains the brain

Front 28

abdonimal

Back 28

below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; also called the abdomen

Front 29

diaphragm

Back 29

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities

Front 30

dorsal

Back 30

the back

Front 31

meiastinum

Back 31

between the lungs

Front 32

pelvic cavity

Back 32

below the abdomen containing the intestines. rectum, urinary bladder, and the reproductive organs.

Front 33

pelvic

Back 33

pertaining to the pelvis; the hip bones and surround cavity

Front 34

peritoneum

Back 34

double-layered membrane surrounding the abdonimial organs

Front 35

pleura

Back 35

double-layered membrane surrounding each lung

Front 36

pleural cavity

Back 36

space between the pleural membranes

Front 37

spinal cavity

Back 37

aka spinal canal
space within the spinal column/back bones/ and containing the spinal cord.

Front 38

thoracic cavity

Back 38

space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea

Front 39

ventral

Back 39

the front

Front 40

hypochoncriac

Back 40

right and upper left regions beneath the ribs

Front 41

epigastric

Back 41

middle upper region above the stomach

Front 42

lumbar

Back 42

right and left middle regions near the waste

Front 43

umbilical

Back 43

central region near the navel

Front 44

inguinal

Back 44

right and left lower regions near the groin
aka: iliac regions

Front 45

hypogastric

Back 45

middle lower region below the umbilical regionQ

Front 46

RUQ

Back 46

Right upper quadrant

Front 47

LUQ

Back 47

Left upper quadrant

Front 48

RLQ

Back 48

Right lower quadrant

Front 49

LLQ

Back 49

Left lower quadrant

Front 50

cervical

Back 50

neck regions c1-c7

Front 51

thoracis

Back 51

chest region T1 to T12

Front 52

lumbar

Back 52

loing (waist) region L1-L5

Front 53

Sacral

Back 53

sacrum region S1 to S5

Front 54

Coccygeal

Back 54

region of the coccyx

Front 55

vertebra

Back 55

signle backbone

Front 56

vertebrae

Back 56

backbones

Front 57

spinal column

Back 57

bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

Front 58

spinal cord

Back 58

nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

Front 59

disk (disc)

Back 59

pad of cartilage bewteen vertebrae

Front 60

anterior

Back 60

front
aka ventral

Front 61

deep

Back 61

away from surface of the body

Front 62

distal

Back 62

far from the point of attachment to the trunk; or far from the beginning of a structure

Front 63

frontal plane

Back 63

aka coronal
vertical plane dividing the anterior and posterior

Front 64

inferior

Back 64

aka caudal
below another structure;
pertaining to the tail or lower portion of body

Front 65

lateral

Back 65

pertaining to the side

Front 66

madial

Back 66

pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane

Front 67

posterior

Back 67

aka: dorsal
back surface of the body

Front 68

prone

Back 68

lying on the belly
face down

Front 69

proximal

Back 69

near the point of attachment or the beginning of the structure

Front 70

sagital plane

Back 70

aka lateral
lengthwise vertical plane dividing right and left sides. From sagitta meaning arrow.

Front 71

midsagittal

Back 71

divides the body between right and left

Front 72

superficial

Back 72

on the surface

Front 73

superior

Back 73

aka cephalic
above another structure; pertaining to the head

Front 74

supine

Back 74

lying on the back;
face up

Front 75

transverse

Back 75

aka: cross sectional or axial
horizontal plane dividing upper and lower

Front 76

abdomino

Back 76

abdomen

Front 77

adipo

Back 77

fat

Front 78

antero

Back 78

front

Front 79

bolo

Back 79

to cast down

Front 80

cervico

Back 80

neck

Front 81

chrondro

Back 81

cartilage (type of connective tissue)

Front 82

chromo

Back 82

color

Front 83

coccygo

Back 83

coccyx-tailbone

Front 84

cranio

Back 84

skull

Front 85

cyto

Back 85

cell