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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Matter
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Anything that takes up space and has mass
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Smallest stable unit of matter
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Atom
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found in the nucleus and contains a + charge
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Protons
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found in the nucleus and contains no charge
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Neutrons
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are lighter than Protons and are found surrounding the nucleus and contains a negative charge. They are found surrounding because they are attracted to the positive protons
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Electrons
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number of protons in an atom
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Atomic number
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Attraction between opposite electrical charges
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Electrical force
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Element
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A pure substance composed of atoms of only one kind
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Ionic Bonding
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Bonds that form between ions
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Ions with a positive charge are called
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cations
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Ions with a negative charge are called
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anions
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Covalent bonding
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Equal sharing of electrons
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Polar Covalent bonding
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unequal sharing of electrons
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Promotes chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy (amount of energy required to start a reaction). Is a catalyst which accelerates chemical reactions.
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Enzymes
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Inorganic compounds
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usually lack carbon and hydrogen as their primary structural ingredients
(1. Carbon Dioxide 2. Oxygen 3. Water) |
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Organic Compounds
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always formed with carbon & hydrogen.
Ex. Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acid, ATP |
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Water
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WATER IS THE MOST IMPORTANT CONSTITUENT OF THE HUMAN BODY 2/3 OF TOTAL BODY WEIGHT
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Properties of Water
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1. Solubility: ability to dissolve or break up in water
2. Reactivity: Chemical reactions 3. High Heat Capacity 4. Lubrication: Because of the little friction between water molecules |
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Carbohydrates
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Organic compound
Source of Energy Ex. Sugar, starches(1% of body weight) |
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Lipids
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Organic compound
Fats Function/ mostly for energy source 12-18% of total body weight in men 18-24% of total body weight in women |
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Proteins
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Organic compound
Function/ 1. Essential component for muscle contraction and 2. Helps in protection of your body (antibodies). most abundant organic compound 20% of total body weight |
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Nucleic Acid
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Organic compound
2 Types: A. Deoxyribonucleic Acid B. Ribonucleic Acid |
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DNA
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Stores genetic information
2 long strands with individual subunits called nucleotides |
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RNA
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performs protein synthesis
1 Long strand composed of nucleotides |
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ATP
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Used to provide energy
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Energy from ATP is used for
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1. Muscle contraction
2. Movement of chromosomes during cell division 3. Movement of cytoplasm within cells 4. Transporting substances across cell membrane |
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Oxygen, O
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65%
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Carbon, C
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18.6%
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Hydrogen, H
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9.7%
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Nitrogen, N
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3.2%
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Calcium, Ca
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1.8%
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Phosphorus, P
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1.0%
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Potassium, K
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0.4%
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Sodium, Na
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0.2%
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Chlorine, Cl
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0.2%
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Magnesium, Mg
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0.06%
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Sulfur, S
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0.04%
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Iron, Fe
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0.007%
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Iodine, I
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0.0002%
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