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40 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
electron
negative particle within an atom (scattered surrounding the nucleus in the electron cloud)
proton
positive particle within an atom (located with neutron inside nucleus; represented by atomic number)
neutron
neutral particle within an atom (makes up majority of mass of atom; located inside nucleus)
atomic number
number of protons (and electrons in a stable atom)
atomic weight
number of protons + number of neutrons (essentially the weight of the nucleus)
isotope
a molecule with the same atomic number, but a different number of neutrons
isomer
a molecule with the same formula but a different structure
ion
molecule with + or - charge due to loss or gain of an electron
electron energy levels
where electrons are found surrounding nucleus
available bonds
how many bonds a molecule can make (how many electrons it has in its valence shell)
ionic bond
bond between a cation and an anion
covalent bond
sharing of electrons located in valence shell
non-polar covalent bond
sides are balanced
polar covalent bond
one side delta+, other side delta-
hydrogen bonds
a weak attraction between weak positive hydrogen and weak negative oxygen or nitrogen
molecule
elements in stable state (two or more atoms)
compound
two or more elements
dehydration synthesis
OH removed from one monomer, H from another, H2O as a byproduct - monomers form covalent bond
hydrolysis
H2O ionizes into OH- and H+, covalent bond linking monomers is broken; OH attaches to one, H to the other
methyl group
H
|
--C--H
|
H
amino group
H
/
--N
\
H
hydroxyl group
-OH

*this group gives a molecule alcohol propoerties
keto group
O
| |
--C--C--C--

*the O doublebonded to C is what makes it a ketone
aldehyde group
O
//
--C
\
H

*this is an aldehyde group only if the carbon is an end carbon
carboxyl group
O
//
--C
\
OH
phosphate group
O
|
O--P=O
|
O
disaccharide
two monosaccharides
sucrose
a disaccharide; common table sugar
lactose
a disaccharide; milk sugar
maltose
a disaccharide; product of stomach digestion
lipid
hydrophobic organic molec. composed of C, H, and O. High H:O ratio.
fatty acid
a lipid. 4 to 24 carbon atoms with carboxyl group at one end, and methyl group at other
triglyceride
lipid. 3 fatty acids bonded to a 3-carbon alcohol (glycerol)
steroids
lipids with 17 carbon atoms arranged in 4 rings
cholesterol
a steroid; the parent steroid
nucleotide
a nitro. base, a sugar, and a phosphate group
deoxyribose
one of two sugars included in a nucleotide (only one of the two can be included)
ribose
one of two sugars that can be included in a nucleotide (only one of the two can be)
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
long chain of nucleotides; RNA is single stranded and made up of ribose sugar and contains a uracil base
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
long chain of nucleotides; DNA is double stranded and made up of deoxyribose sugars; and contain thyamine base