Chapter 19 And 20 Chemistry

Front 1

Decay Series

Back 1

A series of radioactive decay steps that takes an unstable nuclide to a position of stability

Front 2

Significance of finding polonium radio-halos in granite

Back 2

they should not be found in rocks that took millions of years to cool

Front 3

3 assumptions of radiometric dating methods

Back 3

1. We know the original ratio of "parent" to "daughter" element

2. They decay rate has always been constant

3. The quantities between intermediates can be considered negligible compared to the parent and daughter elements

Front 4

Radioactive decay

Back 4

occurs when a nucleus spontaneously decomposes, forming a different nucleus

Front 5

trans-uranium elements

Back 5

they are nuclear transformations and it is the change from one element to another

occurs when a nuclide is bombarded with another nucleus at a high rate of speed in a particle accelerator

Front 6

Geiger counter

Back 6

measures radioactivity by making a clicking noise

Front 7

Scintillator

Back 7

measures radioactivity by flashing light

Front 8

Limitations of radiometric dating

Back 8

1.only considered accurate up to 2-5 half lives

2. Who knows of the rate o decay has always been the same

3.scientists will obtain several different dates and choose the one that they want

4. There might have been at one time much less C-14 in the atmosphere

5. You can't carbon date something that wasn't at one point living

Front 9

radio tracers

Back 9

radioactive nuclides that can be put in food or drugs and can monitor radioactivity, non surgical ways to learn about things

Front 10

Fission

Back 10

the splitting of a heavy nucleus into two nuclei with smaller mass numbers, produce at least one neutron

Front 11

fussion

Back 11

combining two light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus, more energy is used, only occurs naturally in the sun

Front 12

core

Back 12

the spot in the reactor where the uranium is kept housed in the metal cylinder, water is circulated here and turns to steam to turn the turbine

Front 13

moderator

Back 13

surrounds the cylinder to slow down the neutrons so the uranium can capture them better

Front 14

control rods

Back 14

absorbs neutrons and help regulate the power level, in a malfunction the control rods are inserted into the core to absorb neutrons and stop the reaction

Front 15

breeder reactors

Back 15

produce material that can undergo fission and they can cause it to do so

Front 16

Somatic effects of radiation

Back 16

damage to the organism itself, sickness, death, etc.

Front 17

genetic effects of radiation

Back 17

damage to the genetic makeup and reproductive skills

Front 18

penetrating power of the particle

Back 18

gamma-highly penetrating

beta-about 1cm

alpha-stopped by the skin

Front 19

ionizing ability of the particle

Back 19

gamma-not much ionization of the atoms or molecules of the cell

alpha-dont penetrate much but can ionize atoms easily so they cause lots of damage

Front 20

level of danger to humans is measured in?

Back 20

rem

Front 21

saturated hydrocarbons

Back 21

contain all hydrogens possible

Front 22

unsaturated hydrocarbons

Back 22

could hold more hydrogens