Chapter 18 -19, 21-23

Front 1

the plant kingdom are

Back 1

eukaryotic
multicellular
reproduce by sexual reproduction
photoautotrophs

Front 2

Plant Organs

Back 2

Roots
stems
leaves
cuticle
stomata

Front 3

Cuticle

Back 3

waxy covering

Front 4

stomata

Back 4

pores on leave surface for CO2 and O2 diffuse

Front 5

Leaves

Back 5

perform photosynthesis

Front 6

Stem

Back 6

Supports plants and may perform photosynthesis

Front 7

Roots

Back 7

anchor plant absorb water and minerals from soil

Front 8

Alga

Back 8

whole alga does photosynthesis, absorb water and CO2 and minerals. Holdfasts anchor alga

Front 9

Alternation of generations

Back 9

Sporophyte-diploid
Produce spores by MEIOSIS
Gametophyte- Haploid
Produces gametes by MITOSIS

Front 10

two types of plants

Back 10

Vascular and NON vascular

Front 11

Vascular plants

Back 11

Contain Xylem and Phloem
Well developed roots
Seedless or seed bearing

Front 12

Non vascular plants

Back 12

Bryophytes
small, non woody
GAMETOPHYTE dominant
Flagellated sperm REQUIRE water

Front 13

Bryophytes

Back 13

live in wet places. Mosses, liverworts, hornworts

Front 14

Vascular plant structure

Back 14

Lignin strengthens and supports cell walls

Front 15

Seedless vascular plants

Back 15

Sporophyte is free living
produce spores but NOT seeds
require water for fertilization
Ferns, horsetails, lycophytes(club mss)

Front 16

SEED bearing vascular plants

Back 16

Gymnosperms
Angiosperms

Front 17

Gymnosperms

Back 17

naked seeds
seeds not inside ovary or fruit
woody trees or shrubs
CONIFERS, ginkgos, cycads, gnetophytes

Front 18

Angiosperms

Back 18

flowering plants
Pollen and egg cells, parts of flower develop into a fruit that contains seeds.
Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons

Front 19

Conifers

Back 19

Bear seeds on exposed cone scales. Leaves are needle like or scale like,

Front 20

Monocotyledons-

Back 20

contain one cotyledon

Front 21

Dicotyledons

Back 21

contain two cotyledons

Front 22

Flower structure

Back 22

Petals, Stamen(microspores) Sepal, Carpel (megaspores) and ovule in ovary

Front 23

Kingdom Fungi

Back 23

eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic decomposers, NOT photosynthetic, contain hyphae, store carbs and glycogen, reproduce by sexual and asexual

Front 24

Fungi structure

Back 24

Cap, Gills, Stalk, annulus (fruiting body all) Hyphae (mycelium, many hyphae combinded)

Front 25

Chitin

Back 25

complex carb found in fungal cell walls

Front 26

Hyphae

Back 26

filaments, make up most of fungi

Front 27

Mycelium

Back 27

mass of hyphae

Front 28

spores

Back 28

reporductive cells can germinate in to new fungi

Front 29

Conidia

Back 29

produces asexual spores

Front 30

Fruiting body

Back 30

Produces sexual spores (mushrooms)

Front 31

Name the 5 phyla of fungi

Back 31

Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Glomeromycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota. CZGAB

Front 32

Chytridiomycota

Back 32

swimming spores
ZOOspores, motile spores with flagellm
decline in amphibians

Front 33

Zygomycota

Back 33

Fast growing
Asexual spores and sexual conjugation. Rhizopus (black bread mold)

Front 34

Glomeromycota

Back 34

Colonize living plant roots
Live is mycorrhiza

Front 35

Ascomycota

Back 35

sac fungi. Dutch elms, Asci(sacs)
asexual repro by BUDDING
Truffles and MORELS
Penicillium, Saccharomyces(bread beer and wine) Cyclosporine(organ stransplant immunosuppresent)

Front 36

Basidiomycota

Back 36

CLUB fungi
burriedin soil or growing into decaying wood as haploid mycelium
Mushrooms, puffballs

Front 37

Fungi are mutualists by

Back 37

Mycorrhizae, Lichens, and Endophytic fungi. benefit both.

Front 38

Endophytic fungi

Back 38

Symbionts that live inside leaves and stems of most plants and help the plant.

Front 39

Mycorrhiza

Back 39

Fungus root, Fungus recieves sugars from plant, plant recieves minerals from fungus.

Front 40

Leaf cutter ants cultivate

Back 40

basidiomycete Lepiota

Front 41

Lichens

Back 41

Fungus harbors green algae or cyanobacteria in hyphae, sensitive to pollution
Can fix nitrogen.

Front 42

Parts of flowering plants

Back 42

Shoot- aboveground portion, Roots-below ground, Stem made of nodes and internodes (axillary bud) herbaceous v woody plants.