Apes Chapter 18, 19, 21

Front 1

Municipal solid wastes includes:

Back 1

materials thrown away from homes and commercial enterprises

Front 2

Compared to 1960, the amount of solid waste produced today has increased because:

Back 2

of population growth and increased use of disposable packaging

Front 3

A biogas derived from the decomposition of organic material in landfills is:

Back 3

methane

Front 4

A drawback to waste-to-energy plants is that they:

Back 4

produce a variety of difficult to control pollutants

Front 5

Increased moisture in landfills speeds up decomposition in landfills but also increases:

Back 5

the production of toxic leachate

Front 6

Groundwater contamination from landfills is most likely to occur:

Back 6

from older unlined landfills

Front 7

Which of the following is true of the decomposition of plastics compared to paper in landfills?

Back 7

They are non-degradable

Front 8

Which of the following is true about the siting of landfills today?

Back 8

Public opposition is often the greatest obstacles in siting new landfills

Front 9

Which of the following is true concerning combustion as a waste disposal option?

Back 9

it reduces the weight of trash by 70% and the volume by 90%

Front 10

Most municipal solid waste in the United States is:

Back 10

disposed of in landfills

Front 11

The largest fraction of municipal solid waste is:

Back 11

paper products

Front 12

Which of the following best characterizes the make-up of municipal solid waste?

Back 12

it varies by season, region, and neighborhood

Front 13

A country's decision to burn municipal solid waste is most related to:

Back 13

lack of landfill space

Front 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of modern landfills?

Back 14

They do not accept plastics

Front 15

In addition to electricity, the "end products" from waste-to-energy include:

Back 15

recovered metals, fly ash, and air pollutants

Front 16

Poisoning of hat workers in the 1800's was found to be caused by their occupational exposure of:

Back 16

mercury

Front 17

The law that provides for the identification and clean up of toxic waste sites is

Back 17

superfund

Front 18

Heavy metals such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, and chromium are considered hazardous because they are

Back 18

toxic

Front 19

Hazardous wastes have become an increasing threat since the 1950's because

Back 19

such materials are produced and used in much larger quantities

Front 20

The most common source of groundwater contamination is:

Back 20

leaking underground storage tanks (LUST)

Front 21

Green products can help reduce hazardous wastes in our society because they:

Back 21

replace household products that contain hazardous chemicals

Front 22

Which of the following is true of hazardous materials?

Back 22

the EPA has established criteria for classifying substances as hazardous

Front 23

Which of the following is true of hazardous materials and the total product life cycle?

Back 23

They may be present at any stage in the product life cycle

Front 24

An unintended consequence of regulations that limited the disposals of wastes in air or water was that industry:

Back 24

shifted waste disposal to landfills

Front 25

True or false: Currently, the most practical alternative for dealing with waste appears to be reclaim, recover, recycle.

Back 25

True

Front 26

True or false: Even though there are mandated allowable levels of toxic chemicals that may be contained in drinking water, no one knows with certainty how much constitutes a harmful level.

Back 26

True

Front 27

True or false: One of the problems with landfills is that the drums holding chemicals may corrode and result in an unwanted reaction between antagonistic chemicals

Back 27

True

Front 28

True or false: HAZMAT must be labeled from the time it is manufactured until the time of disposal.

Back 28

True

Front 29

During the lifespan of a chemical

Back 29

it may be hazardous or toxic at any stage during its lifetime either in its pure state or combined with other substances

Front 30

An environmental advantage of deep well injection in contrast to surface disposal is that it:

Back 30

isolates wastes from the food chain and hydrologic cycle

Front 31

Which of the following is the major contributor to the formation of acid rain?

Back 31

Sulfur dioxide

Front 32

Acid precipitation is likely to have the greatest economic impact on humans through

Back 32

die offs of forests and aquatic ecosystems

Front 33

The greenhouse effect refers to

Back 33

warming of the Earth's atmosphere

Front 34

The principal gaseous product produced in the combustion of coal, oil, and natural gas is

Back 34

carbon dioxide

Front 35

A greenhouse gas which is produced in the stomachs of ruminant animals and is increasing in concentration in the troposphere is

Back 35

methane

Front 36

At this point in time, experts feel that the most practical way to cope with depletion of the ozone shield is to

Back 36

terminate production of CFC's through finding substitutes

Front 37

Which of the following was true of the band on the use of lead in gasoline?

Back 37

once banned, lead levels quickly dropped in the population and the environment

Front 38

Pollutants capable of causing immediate life-threatening physiological illness are said to be

Back 38

acute

Front 39

Which of the following states is true about pH and aquatic life?

Back 39

most species tolerate a relatively narrow range of pH

Front 40

The major federal law aimed at controlling air pollution is the

Back 40

Clean Air Act

Front 41

The most significant source of all major air pollutants is

Back 41

combustion of fuels and wastes

Front 42

The most significant source of sulfur dioxide emissions into the atmosphere has been found to be

Back 42

coal-burning power plants

Front 43

These are devices which remove air pollutants from emissions

Back 43

catalytic converters and electrostatic precipitators

Front 44

The products produced by the combustion and evaporation of hydrocarbons and fossil fuels are called

Back 44

primary pollutants

Front 45

What is a common secondary pollutant?

Back 45

Acids