Chapter 17: Musculoskeletal System

Front 1

appendicular

Back 1

an appendage; limbs

Front 2

axis

Back 2

a line that passes through the center of the body traversing skull, thorax, and vertebral column

Front 3

ethmoid

Back 3

the light and spongy bone at the base of the cranium; the upper nasal bone between the eyes

Front 4

frontal

Back 4

forehead

Front 5

mandible

Back 5

large bone constituting the lower jaw

Front 6

maxilla

Back 6

one of a pair of large bones forming the upper jaw

Front 7

occipital

Back 7

the cup-like bone at the back of the skull

Front 8

parietal

Back 8

bone of the skull (top of the head)

Front 9

sphenoid

Back 9

bone at the base of the skull, anterior to the temporal bones

Front 10

temporal

Back 10

large bones forming part of the temples

Front 11

turbinate

Back 11

cone-shaped nasal bone

Front 12

clavicle

Back 12

a long, curved, horizontal bone just above the first rib (aka collar bone)

Front 13

femur

Back 13

the thigh bone, extending from the pelvis to the knee

Front 14

fibula

Back 14

smallest bone of the leg

Front 15

tibia

Back 15

second longest bone of the skeleton, located at the medial side of the leg

Front 16

humerus

Back 16

upper-arm bone, consisting of a body, head, and condyle

Front 17

radius

Back 17

larger of the two bones of the forearm

Front 18

ulna

Back 18

smaller of the two bones of the forearm, lying on the medial aspect or "little finger side"

Front 19

scapula

Back 19

shoulder blade

Front 20

sternum

Back 20

the elongated, flattened bone forming the middle portion of the thorax (breastbone)

Front 21

vertebral column

Back 21

flexible structure that forms the longitudinal axis of the skeleton

Front 22

26 separate vertebrae, arranged vertically from the base of the skull to the coccyx

Back 22

How many vertebrae in the vertebral column?

Front 23

hyoid

Back 23

point of attachment for muscles of head and throat

Front 24

lachrymal

Back 24

two bones that house the tear ducts

Front 25

palatine

Back 25

forms the hard palate (roof of mouth)

Front 26

vomer

Back 26

lower part of the nasal septum

Front 27

zygomatic

Back 27

two bones, one on each side of the face, that form the high part of the cheek socket

Front 28

ball and socket

Back 28

a joint in which the globular head of an articulating bone is received into a cup-like cavity, e.g., hip and shoulder

Front 29

hinge

Back 29

joint such as the elbow, knees, and fingers

Front 30

sutures

Back 30

lines of junction between the bones of the skull

Front 31

intervertebral

Back 31

the fibrous substance between the disks of the spinal vertebrae

Front 32

aponeurosis

Back 32

a flattened tendon, connecting a muscle with the parts it moves

Front 33

bursa (pl. bursae)

ber-sah (ber-see)

Back 33

a fluid-filled sac located in tissue to reduce friction

Front 34

fasica (pl. fasciae)

fash-e-ah (fash-shee-ee)

Back 34

a sheet of fibrous tissue holding muscle fibers together

Front 35

interphalangeal

Back 35

between two contiguous joints and phalanges, e.g., between the fingers and toes

Front 36

lamina (pl. laminae)

Back 36

the flattened part of the vertebral arch (thinnest part of the vertebra)

Front 37

ligament

Back 37

a band of fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages

Front 38

meniscus

Back 38

a crescent-shaped fibrocartilage in the knee joint

Front 39

synovial fluid

Back 39

the transparent, viscid fluid found in joint cavities, bursae, and tendon sheaths

Front 40

tendon

Back 40

a fibrous cord of connective tissue attaching the muscle to bone or cartilage

Front 41

theca

Back 41

a case or sheath of tendon

Front 42

acetabulum

Back 42

the cup-shaped cavity (socket) receiving the head of the femur

Front 43

foramen (pl. foramina)

Back 43

holes in a bone for large vessels and nerves to pass through

Front 44

fossa (pl. fossae)

Back 44

a hollow or depressed area

Front 45

groove

Back 45

a narrow, linear hollow or depression in bone

Front 46

malleolus

Back 46

a rounded process, such as the protuberance on either side of the ankle joint, at the lower end of the fibula or tibia

Front 47

olecranon

Back 47

bony projection of the ulna at the elbow

Front 48

prominence

Back 48

protrusion or projection

Front 49

sinus

Back 49

one definition is a recess, cavity or channel, such as one in bone

Front 50

tuberosity

Back 50

an elevation or protuberance, especially of a bone

Front 51

biceps brachii

Back 51

muscle extending from scapula to radius; used to flex lower arm and turn palm of hand upward

Front 52

buccinator (buck-sin-ay-tor)

Back 52

fleshy part of the cheek; used to smile, blow outward, and whistle

Front 53

cardiac muscle

Back 53

specialized muscle found in the walls of the heart; involuntary muscles controlled by the autonomic nervous system

Front 54

deltoid

Back 54

muscle covering the shoulder joint; extends from clavicle and scapula to humerus, and abducts the shoulder

Front 55

gastrocnemius

Back 55

main calf muscle; attached to heel bone

Front 56

gluteus maximus

Back 56

fleshy party of the buttocks; extends from ilium to femur, extends and rotates hip laterally

Front 57

hamstring

Back 57

muscle in posterior thigh used for flexing knee, as in kneeling, and for hip extension

Front 58

latissimus dorsi

Back 58

muscle extending from lower vertebrae to humerus; used for adduction of the shoulder joint

Front 59

masseter

Back 59

muscle at angle of jaw; used for biting and chewing

Front 60

orbicularis occuli

Back 60

body of the eyelid, opens and closes the eye, wrinkles the forehead

Front 61

orbicularis oris

Back 61

muscle surrounding the mouth; closes and purses the lips

Front 62

pectoralis major

Back 62

large, fan-shaped muscle across front of chest; adducts, flexes, and rotates the shoulder joint inward

Front 63

quadriceps femoris

Back 63

anterior thigh muscle; part of a five-muscle group that extends the knee and flexes the hip

Front 64

skeletal muscle

Back 64

also called striated (striped) or voluntary muscles

Front 65

smooth muscle

Back 65

muscles found in wall of stomach, intestines, blood vessels, and respiratory tract; also called involuntary or visceral muscle

Front 66

sternomastoid

Back 66

muscle extending from sternum to side of the neck; used for turning the head

Front 67

temporal muscle

Back 67

muscle above the ear; used for opening and closing the jaw

Front 68

trapezius

Back 68

triangular muscle extending from back of shoulder to clavicle; used to raise shoulders

Front 69

triceps brachii

Back 69

muscle extending from scapula to ulna; responsible for extending the elbow

Front 70

flexion

Back 70

bending

Front 71

extension

Back 71

the movement by which the two ends of any jointed part are drawn away from each other; straightening

Front 72

adduction

Back 72

to draw towards the axial (median) line

Front 73

abduction

Back 73

to draw away from the axial (median) line

Front 74

pronation

Back 74

the prone position (palm down, face down)

Front 75

supination

Back 75

the position of palm or face forward

Front 76

proximal

Back 76

nearest to a point of reference or origin

Front 77

distal

Back 77

farthest from any point of reference or origin

Front 78

contracture

Back 78

permanent contraction of a muscle

Front 79

muscle atrophy

Back 79

wasting away of muscle from disuse

Front 80

muscle hypertrophy

Back 80

muscle enlargement from overuse

Front 81

muscle tone

Back 81

normal degree of vigor and tension in a muscle; muscles partially contracted

Front 82

paralysis

Back 82

loss of muscular contraction because of nerve damage

Front 83

paresis

Back 83

slight or incomplete paralysis

Front 84

fracture

Back 84

the breaking of a bone; many different types

Front 85

skull fracture

Back 85

a fracture of the bony structure of the head

Front 86

torn ligament, tendon, or cartilage

Back 86

a complete or partial tear; common in sports injuries

Front 87

subluxation

Back 87

partial dislocation

Front 88

spondylolisthesis (spon'-di-lo-lis-the-sis)

Back 88

forward displacement of a vertebra over a lower segment; a type of dislocation

Front 89

arthritis

Back 89

inflammation of a joint; 4 common types

Front 90

bursitis

Back 90

inflammation of a bursa

Front 91

carpal tunnel syndrome

Back 91

a common painful disorder of the wrist and hand, caused by pressure on the median nerve in the wrist

Front 92

collagen disease

Back 92

a group of diseases with widespread pathologic changes in connective tissue, e.g., lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis

Front 93

gout

Back 93

a hereditary form of arthritis caused by accumulation of uric acid crystals, especially in the great toe

Front 94

herniated nucleus pulposus

Back 94

a rupture of the fibrocartilage surrounding an intervertebral disk

Front 95

kyphosis (ki-fo-sis)

Back 95

humpback or hunchback; a spinal deformity

Front 96

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

Back 96

osteochondrosis of the head of the femur in children

Front 97

lordosis

Back 97

exaggerated forward curvature of the lumbar spine

Front 98

lupus erythematosus (LE) or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Back 98

a chronic inflammatory disease affecting many systems of the body

Front 99

muscular dystrophy

Back 99

genetic diseases with progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles

Front 100

myasthenia gravis

Back 100

lack of muscle strength

Front 101

myositis

Back 101

inflammation of a voluntary muscle

Front 102

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Back 102

inflammation of the tibial tubercle caused by chronic irritation and seen primarily in muscular, athletic adolescents; characterized by swelling and tenderness over the tibial tubercle that increases with exercise

Front 103

osteochondritis

Back 103

inflammation of the bone and cartilage

Front 104

osteochondrosis

Back 104

disease of bone and cartilage

Front 105

osteomalacia

Back 105

softening of the bones resulting from vitamin D deficiency

Front 106

osteomyelitis

Back 106

inflammation of bone and marrow caused by bacterial invasion

Front 107

osteoporosis

Back 107

porous condition of bones; occurs primarily in postmenopausal women

Front 108

rheumatism

Back 108

disorders marked by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement of the connective tissue structures, especially the joints and related structures, and attended by pain, stiffness, or limitation of motion

Front 109

rickets

Back 109

vitamin D deficiency, especially in infancy and childhood, marked by bending and distortion of the bones

Front 110

sarcoma (osteogenic)

Back 110

a malignant tumor of bone

Front 111

scoliosis

Back 111

lateral curvature of spine

Front 112

spina bifida

Back 112

a congenital defect in the spine

Front 113

spondylitis (ankylosing)

spon'-di-li-tis (ang'-ki-lo-sing)

Back 113

inflammation of the vertebrae, commonly progressing to eventual fusion of involved joints

Front 114

tendinitis

Back 114

inflammation of a tendon

Front 115

amputation

Back 115

removal of a limb or other appendage of the body

Front 116

arthrocentesis

Back 116

puncture of a joint cavity to remove fluid

Front 117

arthroscopy

Back 117

examination of the interior of a joint with an endoscope

Front 118

arthrotomy

Back 118

surgical creation of an opening into a joint, such as for drainage

Front 119

electrical stimulation

Back 119

a process used to heal fracture more quickly

Front 120

electromyogram, electromyography

Back 120

film record made and the study of muscular contraction

Front 121

external fixation

Back 121

the process of making a bone immovable

Front 122

fracture reduction

Back 122

the correction of a fracture, luxation, or hernia

Front 123

laminecomy with diskectomy

Back 123

excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra; excision of an intervertebral disk

Front 124

meniscectomy (men-i-sek-to-me)

Back 124

excision of a meniscus, e.g., of the knee joint

Front 125

myelogram

Back 125

the film produced by radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a dye into the spinal cavity

Front 126

myogram

Back 126

a record produced by myography; same as electromyogram

Front 127

replantation

Back 127

the insertion of an organ or tissue in a new site in the body

Front 128

spondylosyndesis (spon-di-lo-sin-de-sis)

Back 128

surgical creation of ankylosis between contiguous vertebrae; spinal fusion

Front 129

traction

Back 129

the act of drawing or pulling

Front 130

antinuclear antibodies; laboratory test associated with many diseases

Back 130

ANA

Front 131

antistreptolysin O

Back 131

ASO

Front 132

C-reative protein

Back 132

CRP

Front 133

degenerative joint disease

Back 133

DJD

Front 134

open reduction internal fixation; reduction of a fracture after incision into the fracture site

Back 134

ORIF

Front 135

rheumatoid arthritis

Back 135

RA

Front 136

rheumatoid arthritis factor

Back 136

RA factor

Front 137

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Back 137

ESR