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12 Cards in this Set
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John Tyler |
• Democrat-> Whig b/c hated Jackson • Became 10th prez after premature death of Harrison. • B/c a Democrat in his principle he was against many of the things the Whigs tried to do. • Whigs assumed they could use him for their benefit, but he vetoed several of their ideas, angering the Whigs • wanted to end indep treasury est by Jackson w/ whigs • saw the annexation of Texas *Expanded US territory, creating public acceptance of the annexation of Texas, and caused the Whigs loss of power. |
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Zachary Taylor |
• 12th president (1849-1850) • General under Polk in the Mexican- American War • Polk sent him w/ 4000 troops to march past Nueces River (Mexico’s perceived border of Texas) to Rio Grande to anger Mexico/inspire them to attack first. • As a General, his leadership gave the troops many victories over Mexican forces • Outnumbered and attacked by Mexican forces at Buena Vista,Taylor still fought off Santa Ana’s troops • War hero fame that eventually led to his presidency. * Zachary Taylor’s leadership in the war helped America win important battles in the war, leading to the eventual compromise of the Mexican Cession. However, the new land was a catalyst for the debate on slavery and only aided the inevitable civil war. |
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James K. Polk |
• 11th President (1845-1849) • Dark-horse, Democrat presidential winner in 1844 who: -Declared war on Mexico and conquered 1/2 of it -Purposefully agitated Mexico by deploying Taylor and his 4000 troops past the Nueces River to start the war. -Annexed California -Settled Oregon dispute w Oregon Treaty of 1846 -Lowered tariffs w/ Walker Tariff of 1847 -est. an indep treasury • Known for forcibly applying his agenda * effectively carried out ambitious expansionist campaign plans. But his actions ignited the slavery debate, only bringing closer the inevitable civil war. |
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John C. Fremont |
• Lead Bear Flag Revolt • Stationed by Polk in California to prep for Mexican-American War • Led the short-lived Bear Flag Republic • Became governor of California, but he was court-martialed for mutiny • Pardoned by Polk and later became a U.S. senator * A capable military leader in the American invasion of California, and w/o his wild patriotism, America might never have conquered this fertile and resource-rich land. |
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Tariff of 1842 |
• created after Tyler vetoed the first Tariff proposed by the whigs • was redrafted, removing the offensive dollar-distribution scheme and lowered the rates of the Tariff down to 32% • Tyler didn’t like the protective Tariff, but had to pass it for the need of additional revenue * helped ease the depression that the U.S was facing after harsh times (Panic of 1837) and helped the country slowly leave the depression |
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"Conscience" Whigs |
• Mostly from Massachusetts • Branch of Whig Party opposed both the Texas annexation and the Mexican War on moral grounds. • Opponents of “Cotton” Whigs, who were sympathetic to slave-owners • Split from Whig Party over the nomination of Zachary Taylor b/c he owned slaves * “Conscience” Whigs were among the first major politicians to speak openly about stopping the spread of slavery and greatly influenced the party that would later produce Lincoln. |
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Bear Flag Revolt |
• John C. Fremont arrived in Alta California • Before Mexican-American war began, he raised American settlers in revolt • Alta California declared independence from Mexico, but no new government was est. • American troops entered the territory and took it for the US * Gave U.S confidence in their ability to capture northern Mexico and esp. California, solidifying their ambition and helping cause Mexico’s disastrous defeat in the war. |
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Manifest Destiny |
• the belief that the US was destined to stretch across the continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific • promoted by land hungry Americans, especially farmers in the south • opposed by NA’s, British, and Mexico • W/ multiple land purchases (Louisiana Purchase, Gadsden purchase) and hostile takeovers (Mexican-American War, Trail of Tears) America achieved its Manifest Destiny * The number of migrants increased dramatically when gold was discovered in California (1848). Southerners wanted to search for more land to grow their cotton. The addition of plantations in the West=slavery would spread to the region ->people became concerned w/ addition of slave states.
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
• ended the Mexican War on February 2, 1848 • Mexico gave up claims to Texas • Rio Grande River =boundary b/t Mexico and U.S. • $15 million: Mexico ceded CA, NV, AZ, NM, UT, western CO, southern WY, and southern TX • Mexican citizens could receive full U.S. citizenship and civil rights • Mexico lost more than half its land * Fufilled Manifest Destiny and the newly acquired territory would have resources (gold) that helped develop the country rapidly |
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Californios |
• Spanish-speaking R. Catholics from L. America born in California from 1769-1848 • There were very few; the region was sparsely populated • Received large amounts of land from former Spanish Missions when Alta California was secularized * the root of today’s Spanish-speaking culture in California and contribute greatly to the cultural diversity in the western US. |
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Walker Tariff |
• Treasury Secretary Robert J. Walker in 1845 • Lowered the 32% tariff est. by Whigs to 25% • increase trade w/ Britain, and it succeeded in generating more revenue & improving relations • Stood until 1857->lowered even more * increased annual revenue from int'l trade by $15 mil, greatly strengthening the US treasury and helped make sure that Britain would remain friendly w/ America. |
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Wilmot Proviso |
• would ban slavery in the newly acquired land from the Mexican Cession, to contain the spread of slavery and stop “Slavocracy” • passed HoR twice, but not the Senate b/c the southern members fought against it. * Even though it didn’t pass, it represented the urgent need for the country to decide its overall stance on slavery b/c extremist ideas are intensifying more than ever. |
