Chapter 17: Fire Attack And Foam Nspfd

Front 1

Most _______ ______ carry water directly from the attack engine to a nozzle that is used to direct the water onto the fire.

Back 1

attack hoses

Front 2

Attack hoses usually operate at _______ pressures than ______ lines do.

Back 2

higher / supply

Front 3

The hoses most commonly used to attack interior fires are either ____ inches (38 millimeters) or ___ inches (45 millimeters) in diameter. Each section of attack hose is usually ___ feet (15 meters) long.

Back 3

1½ / 1¾ / 50

Front 4

Attack hose must be tested ______ at a pressure of at least _____ psi (2068 kPa) and is intended to be used at pressures up to ____ psi (1896 kPa).

Back 4

annually / 300 / 275

Front 5

Depending on the pressure in the hose and the type of nozzle used, a 1½-inch (38-mm) hose can generally flow between ___ and ____ gpm (227 and 473 L/sec). An equivalent 1¾-inch (44-mm) hose can flow between ____ and ____ gpm (454 and 681 L/sec).

Back 5

60 / 125
120 / 180

Front 6

A ___-inch (64-mm) hose is used as an attack line for large fires and generally delivers a flow of approximately ____ gpm (946 L/sec).

Back 6

2½ / 250

Front 7

It takes at least ___fire fighters to control a 2½-inch (64-mm) handline safely because when the hose is charged with water it can weigh as much as ____ pounds (91 kilograms).

Back 7

two / 200

Front 8

________ ______ contains a steel wire that gives it a rigid shape so that the hose can flow water without pulling all of the hose off the reel.

Back 8

Booster hose /

Front 9

The normal flow from a 1-inch (25-mm) booster hose is in the range of ___ to ___ gpm (151 to 189 L/sec). This type of hose should not be used for structural firefighting.

Back 9

40 / 50

Front 10

Attack hose is loaded so that it can be quickly and easily deployed. The three most common hose loads used for preconnected attack lines are the:

Back 10

minuteman load, the flat load, and the triple-layer load

Front 11

A section of a divided hose bed at the rear of the apparatus can be loaded with a __________ attack line.

Back 11

preconnected

Front 12

Transverse hose beds are installed above the pump on many engines and loaded so that the hose can be pulled off from _________ _______ of the apparatus.

Back 12

either side

Front 13

Preconnected lines can be loaded into special trays that are mounted on the ____ of fire apparatus.

Back 13

side

Front 14

Many engines include a special compartment in the front bumper that can store a short ________ hose line.

Back 14

preconnected

Front 15

To reach a fire that is some distance from the engine, it might be necessary to first advance a larger-diameter line, and then split it into two ____-inch (45-mm) attack lines. This is accomplished by attaching a ______ ____ or a _______ _______ to the end of the 2½-inch (65-mm) line, and then attaching the two attack lines to the gated outlets.

Back 15

1¾ / gated wye / water thief

Front 16

Attack line is stretched in _____ stages.

Back 16

two

Front 17

First, the hose is laid out from the attack engine to the building entrance or to a location close to the fire. Then, the hose is advanced into the building to reach the fire. Extra hose should be deposited at the __________ to the fire building. Make sure you ______ out the hose before it is charged with water.

Back 17

entrance / flake

Front 18

When you are given the command to advance the hose, keep ________ as your number one priority.

Back 18

safety

Front 19

As you move inside the building, stay _____ to avoid the greatest amount of heat and smoke. Communicate with the other members of the _______ ________ as you advance.

Back 19

low / nozzle team

Front 20

As you advance the hose line, you need to have _________ _________ to enable you to move forward.

Back 20

enough hose

Front 21

Charged hose lines are not ____________ ____ __________. It is only with good teamwork that efficient hose line advancement can occur.

Back 21

easy to advance

Front 22

________ are attached to the discharge end of attack lines to give fire streams shape and direction. _________ are used on all sizes of handlines as well as on master stream devices.

Back 22

Nozzles

Front 23

Nozzles can be classified into three groups:

Back 23

• Low-volume nozzles
• Handline nozzles
• Master stream nozzles

Front 24

_____________ ________ flow ___ gpm (151 L/sec) or less. They are primarily used for booster hoses; their use is limited to small outside fires.

Back 24

Low-volume nozzles / 40

Front 25

Handline nozzles are used on hose lines ranging from ___ inches (38 millimeters) to ____ inches (65 millimeters) in diameter. Handline streams usually flow between ____ and ______ gpm (227 and 1324 L/sec).

Back 25

1½ / 2½
60 / 350

Front 26

Master stream nozzles are used on deck guns, portable monitors, and ladder pipes that flow more than ____ gpm (1324 L/sec).

Back 26

350

Front 27

_________ __________ enables the fire fighter at the nozzle to start or stop the flow of water.

Back 27

Nozzle shut-off

Front 28

Two different types of nozzles are manufactured for the fire service:

Back 28

• Smooth-bore nozzles
• Fog-stream nozzles.

Front 29

______________: Produce a solid column of water.

Back 29

Smooth-bore nozzles.

Front 30

____________: Separate the water into droplets. The size of the water droplets and the discharge pattern can be varied by adjusting the nozzle setting.

Back 30

Fog-stream nozzles

Front 31

____________: Used to make a hole in sheet metal or building walls to extinguish fires.

Back 31

Piercing nozzles

Front 32

_____________: Used to fight fires in cellars and other inaccessible places such as attics and cocklofts.

Back 32

Cellar nozzles and Bresnan distributor nozzles.

Front 33

_____________: Used to deliver a flat screen of water that forms a protective sheet of water on the surface of an exposed building.

Back 33

Water curtain nozzles.

Front 34

Firefighting ______ can be used to fight multiple types of fires and to prevent the ignition of additional fuels. Several different types of _____ are used for fires involving different types of fuels.

Back 34

foam

Front 35

Two Class of Foam

Back 35

Class A or B

Front 36

Class ___ foam is used to fight fires involving ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, paper, and textiles.

Back 36

A

Front 37

Class ___ foam is used to fight Class B fires, or fires involving flammable and combustible liquids.

Back 37

B

Front 38

Foam extinguishes flammable-liquid fires by _________ the fuel from the fire. When a blanket of foam completely covers the surface of the liquid, the release of ___________ ________ stops. Preventing the production of additional vapors eliminates the fuel source for the fire, which extinguishes the fire.

Back 38

separating / flammable vapors

Front 39

Foam _________ is the product that is mixed with water in different ratios to produce foam solution. The foam ___________ is the product that is actually applied to extinguish a fire or to cover a spill.

Back 39

concentrate / solution

Front 40

The major categories of Class B foam concentrate are:

Back 40

protein foam, fluoroprotein foam, film-forming fluoroprotein, aqueous film-forming foam, and alcohol-resistant foams

Front 41

Compressed air foam systems are a new method of making Class ___ foam. Compressed air foam is produced by injecting compressed air into a stream of water that has been mixed with ____ percent to ____ percent foam.

Back 41

A / 0.1 / 1.0

Front 42

A foam _____________ is the device that mixes the foam concentrate into the fire stream in the proper percentage.

Back 42

proportioner

Front 43

The two types of proportioners—__________ and ___________ —are available in a wide range of sizes and capacities.

Back 43

eductors / injectors

Front 44

Foam solution can also be produced by ___________ or _____________.

Back 44

batch mixing / premixing

Front 45

________ __________ is a technique where foam concentrate is poured directly into an apparatus booster tank to produce foam solution.

Back 45

Batch mixing

Front 46

__________ __________ is commonly used in 2½-gallon (9.5-liter) portable fire extinguishers.

Back 46

Premixed foam

Front 47

A nozzle that allows the operator to select a desired flow from several settings.

Back 47

Adjustable-gallonage fog nozzle

Front 48

The process of inducing air into the foam solution, which expands and finishes the foam.

Back 48

Aeration

Front 49

Used for fighting fires involving water-soluble materials or fuels that are destructive to other types of foams. Some alcohol-resistant foams are capable of forming a vapor-suppressing aqueous film on the surface of hydrocarbon fuels. (NFPA 412)

Back 49

Alcohol-resistant foam

Front 50

A concentrated aqueous solution of one or more hydrocarbon and/or fluorochemical surfactants that forms a foam capable of producing a vapor-suppressing, aqueous film on the surface of hydrocarbon fuels. (NFPA 403)

Back 50

Aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)

Front 51

An engine from which attack lines have been pulled.

Back 51

Attack engine

Front 52

A nozzle that can deliver a wide range of water stream flows. It operates by means of an internal spring-loaded piston.

Back 52

Automatic-adjusting fog nozzle

Front 53

A method that applies the stream onto a nearby object, such as a wall, instead o directly aiming at the fire.

Back 53

Bankshot (bank-down) method

Front 54

Pouring foam concentrate directly into the fire apparatus water tank, thereby mixing a large amount of foam at one time.

Back 54

Batch mixing

Front 55

A noncollapsible hose used under positive pressure having an elastomeric or thermoplastic tube, a braided or spiraled reinforcement, and an outer protective cover. (NFPA 1962)

Back 55

Booster hose (booster line)

Front 56

A nozzle with a tip that can be separated from the shut-off valve.

Back 56

Breakaway nozzle

Front 57

A nozzle that can be placed in confined spaces. The nozzle spins, spreading water over a large area.

Back 57

Bresnan distributor nozzle

Front 58

Valves that are found on the large pump intake valve where the hard or soft suction hose connects.

Back 58

Butterfly valves

Front 59

A nozzle used to fight fires in cellars and other inaccessible places. The device works by spreading water in a wide pattern as the nozzle is lowered through a hole into the cellar.

Back 59

Cellar nozzle

Front 60

Foam intended for use on Class A fires. (NFPA 1150)

Back 60

Class A foam

Front 61

Foam intended for use on Class B fires. (NFPA 1901)

Back 61

Class B foam

Front 62

Class A foam produced by injecting compressed air into a stream of water that has been mixed with 0.1 percent to 1.0 percent foam.

Back 62

Compressed air foam (CAF)

Front 63

A foam system that combines air under pressure with foam solution to create foam. (NFPA 1901)

Back 63

Compressed air foam system

Front 64

A protein-based foam concentrate incorporating fluorinated surfactants that forms a foam capable of producing a vapor-suppressing aqueous film on the surface of hydrocarbon fuels. This foam can show an acceptable level of compatibility with dry chemicals and might be suitable for use with those agents. (NFPA 412)

Back 64

Film-forming fluoroprotein (FFFP)

Front 65

A nozzle that delivers a set number of gallons per minute (liters per second) as per the nozzle’s design, no matter what pressure is applied to the nozzle.

Back 65

Fixed-gallonage fog nozzle

Front 66

A protein-based foam concentrate to which fluorochemical surfactants have been added. This has the effect of giving the foam a measurable degree of compatibility with dry chemical extinguishing agents and an increase in tolerance to contamination by fuel. (NFPA 402)

Back 66

Fluoroprotein foam

Front 67

A concentrated liquid foaming agent as received from the manufacturer. (NFPA 11)

Back 67

Foam concentrate

Front 68

A device placed in the hose line that draws foam concentrate from a container and introduces it into the fire stream.

Back 68

Foam eductor

Front 69

A device installed on a fire pump that meters out foam by pumping or injecting it into the fire stream.

Back 69

Foam injector

Front 70

A device or method to add foam concentrate to water to make foam solution. (NFPA 1901)

Back 70

Foam proportioner

Front 71

A homogeneous mixture of water and foam concentrate in the proper proportions. (NFPA 1901)

Back 71

Foam solution

Front 72

A nozzle that is placed at the end of a fire hose and separates water into fine droplets to aid in heat absorption.

Back 72

Fog-stream nozzle

Front 73

A nozzle with a rated discharge of less than 1325 L/min (350 gpm). (NFPA 1964)

Back 73

Handline nozzle

Front 74

A nozzle that flows 40 gallons per minute (2.5 liters per second) or less.

Back 74

Low-volume nozzle

Front 75

A large-capacity nozzle that can be supplied by two or more 2½-inch (64-mm) hose lines or large-diameter hose or fixed piping. It can flow between 350 and 1500 gallons per minute (22.1 and 94.6 liters per second). These devices include deck guns and portable ground monitors.

Back 75

Master stream device

Front 76

Master stream nozzle

Back 76

A nozzle with a rated discharge of 1325 L/min (350 gpm) or greater. (NFPA 1964)

Front 77

Hose with a diameter of 2½ or 3 inches (64 or 76 millimeters).

Back 77

Medium-diameter hose (MDH)

Front 78

A constricting appliance attached to the end of a fire hose or monitor to increase the water velocity and form a stream. (NFPA 1965)

Back 78

Nozzle

Front 79

A device that enables the fire fighter at the nozzle to start or stop the flow of water.

Back 79

Nozzle shut-off

Front 80

A nozzle that can be driven through sheet metal or other material to deliver a water stream to that area.

Back 80

Piercing nozzle

Front 81

Solution produced by introducing a measured amount of foam concentrate into a given amount of water in a storage tank. (NFPA 11)

Back 81

Premixed foam

Front 82

A ________-based foam concentrate that is stabilized with metal salts to make a fire-resistant foam blanket. (NFPA 402)

Back 82

Protein foam

Front 83

Hose with a diameter ranging from 1 to 2 inches (25 to 51 millimeters).

Back 83

Small-diameter hose (SDH)

Front 84

A nozzle that produces a straight stream that is a solid column of water.

Back 84

Smooth-bore nozzle

Front 85

A nozzle device that is a smooth tube, which is used to deliver a solid column of water.

Back 85

Smooth-bore tip

Front 86

A method of applying foam that involves sweeping the stream just in front of the target.

Back 86

Sweep (roll-on) method

Front 87

A hose loading method in which the hose is folded back onto itself to reduce the overall length to one-third before loading the hose in the bed. This load method reduces deployment distances.

Back 87

Triple-layer load

Front 88

A nozzle used to deliver a flat screen of water that forms a protective sheet of water to protect exposures from fire.

Back 88

Water curtain nozzle