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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abnormalities in the basal cells of the pancreas and both type I and type 2 diabetes result in the release of this molecule, which has 10-15% biological activity of insulin?
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This is probe insulin. Different defects and beta cells in the two types each contribute to an inappropriate release of proinsulin.
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Abnormal fasting individuals, the molar ratio of C-peptide to insulin in serum is 5:1.what happens to this ratio in cirrhosis and why?
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Cirrhotics have decreased hepatic clearance of insulin and thus lower ratio is
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Elevated somatostatin levels are sometimes seen in what cancers?
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Small cell lung carcinoma
medullary thyroid carcinoma pheochromocytoma |
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in a person with normal WBC, what are the rates of glucose utilization per hour at room temperature and at 4*C?
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at 25°C, glucose is utilized at 7 mg/dL per hour. At 4°C is 2 mg/dL per hour.
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How do whole blood glucose readings compared with those from plasma?
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Whole blood glucose levels, such as those performed at home by diabetics, are 10-15% lower than plasma levels. However the home glucose devices are calibrated to convert the readings to an equivalent plasma reading, so a patient’s home reading is accurately reflected as if a plasma sample was drawn at home
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What is the reference method for measuring glucose and what is the analyte that is measured/
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The hexokinase system assay measures NAD(P)H at 340
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Diagnostic criteria for diabetes
Fasting: Random: |
Fasting greater than 126 mg/dL on at least 2 occasions
Random greater than 200 mg/dL with symptoms of hyperglycemia such as polyuria, polydipsia and weight loss; on at least 2 occasions |
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Outline the 50 mg screening in both a 75 and 100 mg confirmatory oral glucose tolerance test
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100 g oral glucose load is unpleasant, so pregnant women are screened with a more tolerable 50g load. If the 1-hour level is >/= 140 mg/dl, then the confirmatory test is performed
Confirm with either 75g or 100g oral glucose load. If any two of the following four levels are noted then the patient has gestational diabetes: Fasting: >/=95mg/dl for 75g load (>/=95 mg/dl for 100g load) One hour: >/=180 mg/dl (>/=180) Two hours: >/= 155 mg/dl (>/=155) Three hours: no test at 3 hours for 75g load (>/=140 for 100g load) |
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A person with low C-peptide levels, and autoantibodies to islet cell antigen 512 and glutamic acid decarboxylase, has what type of diabetes?
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this type 1 DM. there are serveral antibodies one may may test; sometimes antibodies may be present well before the onset of type one diabetes, but not always
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True or False. Glycosylated hemoglobin, HbA1C is the irreversible generated product of a slow Amadori rearrangement of a Schiff base?
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True. The Schiff base is reversible, but the Amadori rearrangement results in an irreversible product -glycosylated Hb
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Diagnosis of insulinoma may require a prolonged fast, with several analytes being higher than normal expected during the fast. What three analytes must meet greater than or equal to criteria?
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insulin, c-peptide and proinsulin are all elevated in insulinomas
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the beutler fluorescent test screens for galactosemia in newborns by measuring the deficiency of what enzyme?
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galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT)
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key inborn errors of glycogen metabolism:
McArdle's von Gierke's Andersen's Pompe's |
McArdle's (5): muscle phosphorylase, myalgia after excercise, myoglobinuria
von Gierke's (1): glucose 6 phosphatase, growth retardation, hepatomegaly, decreased glucose Andersen's(4): 1,4-alpha-glucan branching, HSM, cirrhosis, neurological dysfunction Pompe's(2): alpha-1, 4-glucosidase,cardiomegaly, death in infancy |
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In 2000, approximately 64,000,000 adults in the United States had 3 or more of the following signs, which put them at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and development of diabetes: Impaired fasting glucose, high blood pressure, increased waist circumference, elevated serum triglycerides and elevated lipids the lipoprotein levels. This disorder is termed??
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metabolic syndrome
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An intern admitted a 15-year-old boy with type 1 diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) to the hospital last night. The patient's ketones were elevated in his admission blood sample, and the intern wants to monitor ketone levels with a urine dipstick to chart the patients improvement??
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This is not optimal for monitoring of this patient. The sodium nitroprusside reagents found in strips and tablets is not useful for monitoring therapy. Sodium lnitroprussise does not measure beta-hydroxybutyrate(BOHB), which is proportionally elevated in DKA. BOHB levels fall therapy, but the acetoacetic acid and acetone levels then rise, so the results will be confused and misleading.
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