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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
DNA Ligase I
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ligates Okazaki fragments during lagging strand DNA replication
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DNA Ligase II
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aides with DNA excision repair aid by sealing base excision mutations
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DNA Helicase
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utilized to separate strands of a DNA double helix
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Telomerase
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adds specific DNA sequence repeats to the 3'end of DNA strands in the telomere regions
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DNA Polymerase I
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Removes RNA primer and replaces it with DNA
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DNA Polymerase III
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major enzyme involved in DNA replication, can only add a nucleotide to the 3' end of a preexisting chain of nucleotides
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Topoisomerase
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Relieves strain of DNA unwinding
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Restriction Enzymes
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enzyme that cuts double-stranded DNA.
ALSO called: Endonuclease or Nuclease. |
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RNA Primase
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creates a short RNA primer approximately 10 nucleotides long, so new nucleotides can be added by DNA polymerase
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Telomeres
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nucleo-protein structures that cap the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Junk DNA consisting of random repeats
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DNA Structure
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Diribose sugar, Nucleotide base and Phosphate Group
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RNA Structure
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Ribose sugar, Nucleotide base and Phosphate Group
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Pyrimidine
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Smaller single ringed nucleotide Thymine, Cytosine in DNA, Uracil in RNA
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Purine
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Larger two ringed nucleotide
Adenine, Guanine |
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Adenine-Thymine Bond
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DNA - 2 hydrogen bonds
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Adenine-Uracil Bond
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RNA - 2 hydrogen bonds
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Guanine-Cytosine Bond
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DNA - 3 hydrogen binds
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RNA Primer
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Created by RNA primase, allows DNA Polymerase to add nucleotides to 3' end.
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Leading Strand
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elongates continuously in the 5’ – 3’ Direction
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Lagging Strand
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elogates with use of Okazaki segments in 3' to 5' direction
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Okazaki Fragments
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discontinuous fragments of DNA in lagging strand (3' to 5' direction), because multiple RNA primers must be used
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Single Strand Binding Proteins
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During replication they bind single stranded regions of DNA to prevent premature reannealing to occur
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Deoxyribose 1' Carbon
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connects to Nitrogenous base
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Deoxyribose 3' Carbon
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Connects to next nucleotide - This is where DNA Polymerase adds the Nucleotide
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Deoxyribose 5' Carbon
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Connects to Phosphate group
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3' to 5'
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Lagging strand
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5' to 3'
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Leading strand
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Thomas Hunt Morgan
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Genes are on Chromosomes
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Frederick Griffith
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Transformation of Bacteria 1928
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Oswald Avery
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DNA is tranforming agent
1944 |
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Hershey-Chase Experiment
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only DNA NOT protein enters target cells of bacteriophage
1952 - Waring Blender |
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Rosalind Franklin
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X-Ray Crystallography of DNA structure
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Watson and Crick
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Double Helix, structural model of DNA, replication
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Irwin Chargaff
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A=G
T=C purines=pyrimidines |
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Conservative
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Each new double helix consists of two new strands
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Semi-conservative
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Each new double-helix consists of new and old strand
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Dispersive
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Pieces of DNA are dispersed or melded together to form the new DNA of each strand
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Meselson-Stahl Experiment
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Use Heavy N-15 and N-14 to test DNA replication, proved semi-conservative, 1 light one medium strand
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DNA mismatch repair
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Detecting and repairing a nucleotide mismatch in newly synthesized DNA
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Nucleotide Excision Repair
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repair DNA damage that can occur to bases from a vast variety of sources including chemicals but also ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun
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