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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Transformation
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A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell
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Hershey-Chase experiment
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Showed that viruses insert DNA not protein into cells.
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Griffith experiment
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Non-infectious pneumonia when in the presence of genetic material from infectious pneumonia became infectious.
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Watson-Crick
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Showed the double helix of DNA
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DNA replication is semi conservative
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Replication fork
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Each end of a bubble where replication of DNA begins
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Rate of elongation of strands
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500/second in bacteria, and 50/second in human cells.
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How does a nucleotide get incorporated into a DNA strand
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A nucleoside triphosphate links to the sugar phosphate backbone of growing DNA it loses 2 phosphates as pyrophosphate, catalyzed by DNA polymerase. Hydrolysis of the phosphate groups gives the energy for the reaction.
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What does pyrophosphate power
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The polymerization reaction.
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3` end has
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Hydroxyl group on terminal deoxyribose
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5` end has
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Terminal phosphate on the 5` carbon
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Where does DNA polymerase 3 add nucleotides?
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Only adds nucleotides to the 3` end, so a new strand can elongate only in the 5` to 3` direction.
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Leading strand
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Made by DNA polymerase sticking in the replication fork and adding nucleotides to a complementary strand as the fork progresses.
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None
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Lagging strand
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Must work away from replication fork
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Helicase
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Unwinds DNA
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On lagging strand when DNA polymerase 3 reaches the RNA primer on the lagging end what happens
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DNA polymerase 1 RNA and replaces it with DNA.
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None
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DNA ligase
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Binds okazaki segments together
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DNA replication machine
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Proteins that participate in replication form a complex that is stationary most likely attaches to the nuclear matrix. and reels in the DNA
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Mismatch repair
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Cells use enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.
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Nucleotide excision repair
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Cuts out damaged strand of DNA and resulting gap is filled with nucleotides paired to the undamaged strand.
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Nuclease
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Cuts out damaged segments of DNA.
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Telomere
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Repeated nucleotide sequence at the ends of chromosomal DNA of Eukaryotes. There to keep erosion from happening in replication.
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Telomerase
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Catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres
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On lagging strand when DNA polymerase 3 reaches the RNA primer on the lagging end what happens
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DNA polymerase 1 replaces it and removes RNA and replaces it with DNA.
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