Chapter 15 Voc Word

Front 1

Antigen

Back 1

Any cell, particle, or chemical that induces a
specific immune response by B cells or T cells
and can stimulate resistance to an infection or a
toxin.

Front 2

Active Immunity

Back 2

Immunity acquired throught direct stimulation of the immune system by antigen

Front 3

Passive Immunity

Back 3

Specific resistance that is acquired indirectly by donation of preformed immune substances(antibodies) produced in the body of another individual

Front 4

Natural Immunity

Back 4

Specific protection from disease acquired through normal, nonmedical life processes.

Front 5

Artifical Immunity

Back 5

Specific protection acquired through medical means.

Front 6

Clonal Selection

Back 6

A conceptual explanation for the development of lymphocye specificity and variety during immune maturation.

Front 7

Immune Tolerance

Back 7

The ability of the immune system to remain nonreactive to normal cell molecules

Front 8

Immunoglobulin (IG)

Back 8

The chemical class of proteins to which antibodies belong.

Front 9

Cluster of Differentiation (CD)

Back 9

Receptors on mature T cells that serve in cell communication.

Front 10

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

Back 10

Closely linked cluster of genes programs for cell surface glycoproteins that control immune interactions between cells and is involved in rejection of allografts.

Front 11

Antigenicity

Back 11

The property of a substance to stimulate a specific immune response such as antibody
formation.

Front 12

Hapten

Back 12

An incomplete or partial antigen. Although it
constitutes the determinative group and can bind
antigen, hapten cannot stimulate a full immune
response without being carried by a larger protein
molecule.

Front 13

Antigen presenting cell (APC)

Back 13

A macrophage or
dendritic cell that ingests and degrades an antigen and
subsequently places the antigenic determinant
molecules on its surface for recognition by CD4 T
lymphocytes.

Front 14

Interleukin

Back 14

A macrophage agent (interleukin-1, or IL-1)
that stimulates lymphocyte function. Stimulated
T cells release yet another interleukin (IL-2), which
amplifies T-cell response by stimulating additional
T cells. T helper cells stimulated by IL-2 stimulate
B-cell proliferation and promote antibody
production.

Front 15

Plasma cell

Back 15

A progeny of an activated B cell that
actively produces and secretes antibodies.

Front 16

Memory cell

Back 16

The long-lived progeny of a sensitized
lymphocyte that remains in circulation and is
genetically programmed to react rapidly with its
antigen.

Front 17

Antigen Binding Site

Back 17

Specific regions at the ends of
the antibody molecule that recognize specific
antigens. These sites have numerous shapes to fit a
wide variety of antigens.

Front 18

Agglutinogen

Back 18

An antigenic substance on
cell surfaces that evokes agglutinin formation
against it.

Front 19

Neutralization

Back 19

The process of combining an acid and a
base until they reach a balanced proportion, with a
pH value close to 7.

Front 20

Opsonization

Back 20

The process of stimulating phagocytosis by affixing molecules (opsonins such as antibodies
and complement) to the surfaces of foreign cells or
particles

Front 21

Antiserum

Back 21

Antibody-rich serum derived from the
blood of animals (deliberately immunized against
infectious or toxic antigen) or from people who have
recovered from specific infections.

Front 22

Primary Response

Back 22

The first response of the immune
system when exposed to an antigen.

Front 23

Secondary Response

Back 23

The rapid rise in antibody titer
following a repeat exposure to an antigen that has
been recognized from a previous exposure. This
response is brought about by memory cells produced
as a result of the primary exposure.

Front 24

Anamnestic Response

Back 24

In immunology, an augmented
response or memory related to a prior stimulation of the immune system by antigen. It boosts the levels of antibodies.

Front 25

Monoclonal Antibody

Back 25

An antibody produced by a
clone of lymphocytes that respond to a particular
antigenic determinant and generate identical
antibodies only to that determinant.

Front 26

Helper T Cell

Back 26

A class of thymus-stimulated
lymphocytes that facilitate various immune activities such as assisting B cells and macrophages.

Front 27

Cytotoxic

Back 27

Having the capacity to destroy specific cells.
One class of T cells attacks cancer cells, virus-infected
cells, and eukaryotic pathogens.

Front 28

Attenuate

Back 28

To reduce the virulence of a pathogenic bacterium or virus by passing it through a non-native host or by long-term subculture.

Front 29

Acellular Vaccine

Back 29

A vaccine preparation that contains specific antigens such as the capsule or toxin from a bacterial cell and not the whole pathogen. Acellular
means without a cell.

Front 30

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Back 30

The nucleic acid often
referred to as the “double helix.” DNA carries the
master plan for an organism’s heredity.

Front 31

Herd Immunity

Back 31

The status of collective acquired immunity in a population that reduces the likelihood that nonimmune individuals will contract and spread infection. One aim of vaccination is to induce herd
immunity.

Front 32

Killed or Inactivated Vaccine

Back 32

A whole cell or intact virus preparation in which the microbes are dead or preserved and cannot multiply but are still capable of conferring immunity.

Front 33

Immunotherapy

Back 33

Preventing or treating infectious diseases by administering substances that produce artificial immunity. May be active or passive.

Front 34

Subunit Vaccine

Back 34

A vaccine preparation that contains only antigenic fragments such as surface receptors from the microbe. Usually in reference to virus
vaccines.

Front 35

Vaccination

Back 35

The process of inoculating with a vaccine.

Front 36

Vaccine

Back 36

Originally used in reference to inoculation with the cowpox or vaccinia virus to protect against smallpox. In general, the term now pertains to
injection of whole microbes (killed or attenuated),
toxoids, or parts of microbes as a prevention or cure
for disease.