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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cathedral
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A large Christian church
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crusader
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A Christian soldier who fought to free the Holy Land from Muslim Turks in the Middle Ages
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Crusade
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A series of wars fought between Christians and Muslims in the Middle Ages over control of the Holy Land
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knight
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A son of a noble, trained as a soldier to provide protection for feudal lords
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Reconquista
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The plan to make Spain all Catholic; also called the Reconquest
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burgher
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A social class made up of middle class workers such as merchants and craftworkers
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guild
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A trade association that set standards for the quality of goods and fair labor practices
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Magna Carta
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The document that English nobles forced King John to agree to in 1215, limiting the king's power
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Renaissance
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The time from about 1400 to 1600 in which Europeans entered a new age of thought, learning, art, science; a French word meaning "rebirth"
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humanism
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A way of thinking that focuses on the ideas and actions of individuals
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vernacular
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The everyday language of people
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scientific method
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A system of observing and experimenting to determine whether an idea should be accepted as true
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moveable type
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Letters and numbers made from individual pieces of metal that can be positioned to form rows of words
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indulgence
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A purchased pardon for sins
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heresy
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The denial of the beliefs of a church
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Protestant
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Term that describes the Christian churches that were formed as a result of protests against the Roman Catholic Church
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Reformation
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A Christian movement that began in sixteenth-century Europe as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church; resulted in the founding of Protestantism
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caravel
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A kind of ship that used either square or lateen sails to travel long distances swiftly
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astrolabe
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An instrument that helped sailors navigate using the positions of the stars
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circumnavigation
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A journey around the world by ship
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armada
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A fleet of warships
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colonization
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To settle in a colony
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conquistador
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A Spanish conqueror who came to the Americas in search of gold
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indigenous
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Native to a place
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immunity
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Resistance to disease
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Columbian exchange
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The movement of people, animals, plants, diseases, and ideas between Europe and the Americas in the 1400s and 1500s
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encomienda
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A system in which Native Americans had to work for European colonists and accept their religion
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coureur de bois
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A term that means "runners of the woods," referring to French trappers who traded with the Native Americans
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