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38 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Enlightenment
A movement that began in France in the 1700s and focused on ways to create a government for protecting the rights of individuals
revolution
A sudden change in the way people think and act
constitutional monarchy
A government with a written plan, or constitution, that includes a monarch as a ceremonial leader and a parliament or other legislature to make the laws
preamble
An introduction; the first part
constitution
Aa written plan of government
federal republic
A form of government consisting of three branches-one to make the laws, one to interpret them, and one to enforce them
editorial cartoon
A cartoon that represents the artists's point of view about people, current events, or politics
Industrial Revolution
The period of technological advances, beginning in the 1700s, that forever changed the way people lived and work.
innovator
A person who thinks of new ideas and invents new technologies
crop rotation
A farming method in which the kinds of crops planted in a field are alternated every year to help keep the soil fertile
textile
Cloth
factory
A large building where goods are made
patent
A legal document stating that only the inventor has the right to make and sell his or her new product
entrepreneur
A person who starts and runs a new business
economic system
The way a country produces and uses goods and services
traditional economy
An economy that does not change much over time, based mostly on farming
command economy
An economy in which the government owns almost all of the land and natural resources and makes most of the decisions
market economy
An economy in which the people, not the government, own and control business
demand
The amount of a good or a service that people want to buy at a given price
supply
The amount of a good or a service offered for sale
capitalsm
An economic system in which individuals invest money, or capital, in businesses
laissez-faire
A government policy of letting an economy continue without interference
free enterprise
An economic system in which people choose what to make, sell, or buy without government control
strike
The action of refusing to work until certain requirements are met
labor union
A group of organized workers whose goal is to ensure good working conditions and fair treatment by employers
socialism
An economic system in which a government owns and runs all industries
imperialism
The practice by a country of acquiring more lands, establishing colonies, and controlling the colonies
cash crop
A crop that is raised to sell to others rather than to use at home
sepoy
An Indian soldier led by British officers
Raj
British rule of the Indian subcontinent
mutiny
To rebel against the leader of one's group
Open Door policy
A policy that gives all countries an equal opportunity to trade freely in a certain place
Monroe Doctrine
A government plan of action issued by President James Monroe declaring that the United States would go to war to stop European expansion in the Americas
time zone
A division of Earth in which all places have the same time; the time is different from that in other time zones
nationalism
A strong feeling of loyalty to a nation or country
chancellor
A prime minister of a country
kaiser
The German word for emperor
Manifest Destiny
The belief, shared by many Americans in the 1800s, that the United States should one day stretch from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean