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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ablation |
destruction or cutting; for example, the intentional destruction of atrial muscle tissue to treat atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter
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angina pectoris |
severe chest pain resulting when the myocardium is deprived of sufficient oxygen
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angiography |
radiography in which radiopaque contrast medium is injected into a vessel to make it more visible in a medical image (angiogram); in arteries the image is called an arteriogram; in veins, a venogram or phlebogram; in lymphatic vessels, a lymphangiogram
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aorta |
main and largest artery in the body
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aortic semilunar valve |
valve between the aorta and left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the ventricle
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artificial pacemaker |
an electrical device that is implanted into the heart to treat a heart block
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atherosclerosis |
type of "hardening of the arteries" in which lipids and other substances build up on the inside wall of blood vessels |
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atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His) |
bundle of rapidly conducting cardiac muscle fibers that extend from the AV node to the sunendocardial branches (Purkinje fibers); involved in the coordination of heart muscle contraction; also known as bundle of His
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atrioventicular (AV) node |
a small mass of special impulse-generating cardiac muscle tissue near the junction of the left atrium and ventricle; part of the conduction system of the heart
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atrioventricular (AV) valve |
either of two valves that separate the atrial chambers from the ventricles
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atrium |
chamber or cavity; for example, atrium of each side of the heart
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auricle |
part of the ear attached to the side of the head; earlike appendage of each atrium of the heart
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automatic external defibrillator (AED) |
small, lightweight device that detects a person's heart rhythm using small electrode pads placed on the torso and, if ventricular fibrillation is detected, a nonmedical rescuer will be led through simple steps to defribillate the victim by applying brief electroshock to the heart
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bicuspid (mitral) valve |
one of the two AV valves, it is located between the left atrium and ventricle; also called the mitral valve or left atrioventricular (AV) valve
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bradycardia |
slow heart rhythm (below 60 beats/minute)
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cardiac cycle |
each complete heartbeat, including contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles
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cardiac output |
volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute
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cardiac tamponade |
compression of the heart caused by fluid buildup in the pericardial space, as in pericarditis or mechanical damage to the pericardium |
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cardiologist |
physician or researcher who specializes in the structure and function of the heart and associated structures
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cardiomyopathy |
general term for disease of the myocardium (heart muscle)
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cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) |
combined external cardiac (heart) massage and artificial respiration
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cardiovascular system |
the system that transports cells throughout the body by way of blood vessels; sometimes called circulatory system
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chordae tendineae |
stringlike structures that attach the AV valves to the wall of the heart
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congestive heart failure (CHF) |
left heart failure; inability of the left ventricle to pump effectively, resulting in congestion in the systemic and pulmonary circulations
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cor pulmonale |
failure of the right atrium and ventricle to pump blood effectively, resulting from obstruction of pulmonary blood flow
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coronary artery |
the right and left coronary arteries are the first arteries to branch off the aorta; they supply blood to the myocardium (heart muscle)
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coronary bypass surgery |
surgery to relieve severely restricted coronary blood flow; veins are taken from other parts of the body and then reattached where needed to bypass the partial blockage
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coronary circulation |
delivery of oxygen and removal of waste product from the myocardium (heart muscle)
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coronary sinus |
area that receives deoxygenated blood from the coronary veins and empties it into the right atrium
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diastole |
relaxation of the heart, interposed between its contractions; opposite of systole
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dysrhythmia |
any abnormally of cardiac rhythm
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echocardiography |
heart imaging technique in which ultrasound waves echo back from heart tissues to form a continuous recording of heart structure movement during a series of cardiac cycles
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electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) |
graphic record of heart's action potentials
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electrocardiograph |
machine that produces electrocardigrams, graphic records of the heart's electrical activity (voltage fluctuations)
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embolism |
obstruction of a blood vessel by foreign matter carried in the bloodstream
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endocarditis |
inflammation of the lining of the heart |
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endocardium |
thin layer of very smooth tissue lining each chamber of the heart
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epicardium (visceral pericardium) |
the inner layer of the pericardium that covers the surface of the heart; also called viscereal pericardium
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fibrillation |
condition in which individual muscle fibers, or small groups of fibers, contract asynchronously (out of time) with other muscle fibers in an organ, producing no effective movement
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heart block |
a blockage of impulse conduction from atria to ventricles so that the heart beats at a slower rate than normal
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heart disease |
any group of cardiac disorders that together constitute the leading cause of death in the United States
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heart failure |
inability of the heart to pump returned blood sufficiently
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heart murmur |
abnormal heart sound that may indicate valvular insufficiency (leaking) or stenosing (narrowing;blockage) of the valve
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heart rate (HR) |
heart beats (cardiac cycles) per unit of time; usually expressed as beats/min ( beats per minute) |
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incompetent valve |
cardiac valve that leaks, allowing some blood to flow back into the chamber from which it came
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inferior vena cava (pl venae cavae) |
one of two large veins carrying blood into the right atrium
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mitral valve |
heart valve located between the left atrium and ventricle; also called bicuspid valve
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mitral valve prolapse (MVP) |
condition in which the bicuspid (mitral) valve extends into the left atrium, causing incompetence (leaking) of the valve
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myocardial infarction (MI) |
death of cardiac muscle cells resulting from inadequate blood supply, as in coronary thrombosis
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myocardium |
muscle of the heart
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P wave |
deflection on an ECG that occurs with depolarization of the atria
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pacemaker |
the heart's pacemaker; where the impulse conduction of the heart normally starts; located in the wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava
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parietal pericardium |
pericardium surrounding the heart like a loose-fitting sack to allow the heart enough room to beat
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pericarditis |
condition in which the pericardium becomes inflamed
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pericardium |
membrane that surrounds the heart
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premature contraction |
contractions of the heart wall that occur before expected; extrasystoles
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pulmonary artery |
artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs |
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pulmonary circulation |
venous blood flow from the right atrium to the lung and then to the left atrium
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pulmonary semilunar valve |
valve located at the beginning of the pulmonary artery
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pulmonary vein |
any vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
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Purkinje fiber |
specialized cells located in the walls of the ventricles; relay nerve impulses from the AV node to the ventricles, causing them to contract
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QRS complex |
deflection on an ECG that occurs as a result of depolarization of the ventricles
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rheumatic heart disease |
cardiac damage (especially to the endocardium, including the valves) resulting from a delayed inflammatory response to streptococcal infection
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semilunar (SL) valve |
valve located between the two ventricular chambers and the large arteries that carries blood away from the heart; any of the valves found in the veins or lymphatic vessels
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sinoatrial (SA) node |
the heart's pacemaker; where the impulse conduction of the heart normally starts; located in the wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava
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sinus dysrhythmia |
variation in the rhythm of heart rate during the breathing cycle (inspiration and expiration)
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stenosed (cardiac) valve |
valve that is narrower than normal, slowing blood flow from a heart chamber |
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stroke volume (SV) |
the amount of blood that is ejected from the ventricles of the heart with each beat; often expressed as ml/min (milliliters per minute)
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superior vena cava (pl venae cavae) |
one of the two large veins returning deoxygenated blood to the right atrium
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systemic circulation |
blood flow from the left ventricle to all parts of the body and back to the right atrium
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systole |
contraction of the heart muscle
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T wave |
deflection on an electrocardiogram that occurs with repolarization of the ventricles
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tachycardia |
rapid heart rhythm (greater than 100 beats/minute)
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thrombus |
stationary blood clot
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tricuspid valve |
the valve located between the right atrium and ventricle
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ventricle |
any small cavity or space
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