Chapter 14 The Heart

Front 1

Two lower chambers of the heart are called

Back 1

Ventricles

Front 2

Both atria form and ear like outpouching called

Back 2

Auricle

Front 3

Are often called receiving chambers because blood enters the heart through veins that open into the upper cavities

Back 3

Atria

Front 4

Two upper chambers of the heart are called

Back 4

Atria or atrium

Front 5

The wall of each heart chamber is composed of cardiac muscle tissue usually referred to as

Back 5

Myocardium

Front 6

The septum between the atrial chambers is called

Back 6

Interatrail septum

Front 7

The septum between the ventricles is called

Back 7

Interventricular septum

Front 8

The covering of the heart

Back 8

Pericardium

Front 9

The inner layer of the pericardium is called

Back 9

Visceral pericardium or epicardium

Front 10

The outer layer of the pericardium is called

Back 10

Parietal pericardium

Front 11

Lines the heart chambers

Back 11

Endocardium

Front 12

Covers the surface of the heart

Back 12

Epicardium

Front 13

If the pericardium becomes inflamed the condition called

Back 13

Pericarditis

Front 14

A serious compression of the heart

Back 14

Cardiac tamponade

Front 15

Contractions of the heart are called

Back 15

Systole

Front 16

Relaxation of the heart is called

Back 16

Diastole

Front 17

The two valves that separate the atrial chambers above from the ventricle chambers below are called

Back 17

AV valves or atrioventricular valves

Front 18

The AV valve located between the left atrium and ventricle

Back 18

Bicuspid valve or mitral valve

Front 19

The AV valve located between the right atrium and ventricle

Back 19

Tricuspid valve

Front 20

String like structures that attach the av valves to the wall of the ventricles

Back 20

Chordae tendineae

Front 21

Are located between the two ventricular chambers and the large arteries that carry blood away from the heart when contraction occurs

Back 21

Semilunar valves

Front 22

Is located at the beginning of the pulmonary artery and allows blood going to the lungs to flow out of the right ventricle but prevents it from flowing back into the ventricle

Back 22

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Front 23

Is located at the beginning of the aorta and allows blood to flow out of the left ventricle up into the aorta but prevents backflow into the ventricle

Back 23

Aortic semilunar valve

Front 24

Is cardiac damage resulting from a delayed inflammatory response to streptococcal infection that occurs most often in children

Back 24

Rheumatic heart disease

Front 25

A condition affecting the bicuspid or mitral valve, has a genetic basis in some cases but can result from rheumatic fever or other factors

Back 25

Mitral valve prolapse

Front 26

Abnormal heart sounds are often caused by disorders of the valves

Back 26

Heart murmur

Front 27

Blood enters the right atrium through two large veins called

Back 27

Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

Front 28

Involves movement of blood from right ventricle to the lungs

Back 28

Pulmonary circulation

Front 29

Involves movement of blood from the left ventricle throughout the body as a whole

Back 29

Systemic circulation

Front 30

The delivery of oxygen and nutrient rich arterial blood to cardiac muscle tissue and the return of oxygen poor blood from this active tissue to the Venus system is called

Back 30

Coronary circulation

Front 31

A special type of radiography is often used to visualize arteries

Back 31

Angiography

Front 32

Deprived of oxygen muscle cells soon become damaged and tissue death occurs

Back 32

Myocardial infarction

Front 33

Is used to describe the severe chest pain that occurs when the myocardium is deprived adequate oxygen

Back 33

Angina pectoris

Front 34

Is a common treatment for those who suffer from severely restricted coronary artery blood flow

Back 34

Coronary bypass surgery

Front 35

Each complete heartbeat is called a

Back 35

Cardiac cycle

Front 36

Each cardiac cycle takes about how many seconds to complete

Back 36

.08 seconds

Front 37

Called the SA node or the pacemaker

Back 37

Sinoatrail node

Front 38

Is a graphic record of the heart's electrical activity

Back 38

Electrocardiogram

Front 39

The normal ECG tracing has three very characteristic deflections or waves called

Back 39

P wave, QRS complex, T wave

Front 40

Describes the electrical activity that triggers a contraction of the heart muscle

Back 40

Depolarisation

Front 41

Begins just before the relaxation phase of cardiac muscle activity

Back 41

Repolarization

Front 42

Refers to an abnormality of heart rhythm

Back 42

Dysrhythmia

Front 43

Impulses are blocked from getting through to ventricular myocardium resulting in the ventricle contracted at a much lower rate than normal

Back 43

Heart block

Front 44

Slow heart rhythm less than 60 beats per minute

Back 44

Bradycardia

Front 45

A rapid heart rhythm more than 100 beats per minute

Back 45

Tachycardia

Front 46

Hey variation in heart rate during the breathing cycle

Back 46

Sinus dysrhythmia

Front 47

Are contractions that occur before the next expected contraction in a series of cardiac cycles

Back 47

Premature contractions or extrasystoles

Front 48

A condition in which cardiac muscle fibers contract out of step with each other

Back 48

Fibrillation

Front 49

Application of an electric shock to force cardiac muscle fibers to once again contract in rhythm

Back 49

Defibrillation

Front 50

Are small lightweight devices that detect a person's heart rhythm using small electrode pads placed on the torso

Back 50

Automatic external defibrillators

Front 51

Can be implanted much like a pacemaker in patients prone to cardiac fibrillation and tachycardia

Back 51

Implantable cardiovascular defibrillators

Front 52

An intentional destruction of heart muscle in a specific location to treat atrial fibrillation by eliminating the pathway of abnormal electrical signals

Back 52

Atrial ablation

Front 53

Is the volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute

Back 53

Cardiac output

Front 54

Refers to the number of heartbeats per minute

Back 54

Heart rate

Front 55

Refers to the volume of blood ejected from the ventricles during each beat

Back 55

Stroke volume

Front 56

Is the inability of the heart to pump enough blood to sustain life

Back 56

Heart failure

Front 57

These drugs prevent clot formation in patients with valve damage or who have experienced a myocardial infarction

Back 57

Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents

Front 58

These drugs block norepinephrine receptors in cardiac muscle and thus reduce the rate and strength of the heartbeat

Back 58

Beta blockers

Front 59

Things drugs blocked the flow of calcium into cardiac muscle cells thus reducing heart contractions

Back 59

Calcium channel blockers

Front 60

This drug slows and increases the strength of cardiac contractions

Back 60

Digitalis

Front 61

This drug dilates coronary blood vessels thus increasing the flow of oxygenated blood to the myocardium

Back 61

Nitroglycerin

Front 62

Disease of the myocardial tissue

Back 62

Cardiomyopathy

Front 63

Failure of the right side of the heart accounts for about one fourth of all cases of heart failure

Back 63

Right heart failure

Front 64

Left heart failure is the inability of the left ventricle to pump blood effectively is called

Back 64

Congestive heart failure

Front 65

Congestion of blood in the pulmonary circulation

Back 65

Pulmonary edema