Chapter 14: Cardiovascular System

Front 1

pericardium

Back 1

the fibrous sac enclosing the heart

Front 2

endocardium

Back 2

lining membrane of the heart's cavities

Front 3

epicardium

Back 3

the visceral pericardium

Front 4

atrioventricular node

Back 4

Purkinje fibers beneath the endocardium of the right atrium in the septum

Front 5

bundle of His

Back 5

cardiac muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles of the heart

Front 6

portal circulation

Back 6

circulation of blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen through the portal vein to the liver

Front 7

fibrinogen

Back 7

promotes blood clotting

Front 8

thrombocytes

Back 8

blood platelets; disk shaped structure for blood coagulation

Front 9

plasma

Back 9

the fluid portion of the blood or lymph, without the cells

Front 10

serum

Back 10

the clear portion of the blood separated from solid elements; plasma minus fibrinogen

Front 11

reticulocytes

Back 11

immature red blood cells, in bone marrow

Front 12

anemia

Back 12

reduction below normal of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or the volume of packed red cells in blood

Front 13

aneurysm

Back 13

a sac formed by localized dilation of an artery or vein

Front 14

angina pectoris

Back 14

pain in the chest, caused by decreased supply of oxygen to the heart muscle

Front 15

arrhythmia

Back 15

variation from the normal rhythm of the heartbeat

Front 16

asystole

Back 16

cardiac standstill; no heartbeat

Front 17

arteriosclerosis

Back 17

thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls, slowing the flow of blood

Front 18

atherosclerosis

Back 18

a form of arteriosclerosis in which fats (cholesterol) are deposited on arterial walls

Front 19

coarctation

Back 19

stricture or narrowing of a vessel

Front 20

tetralogy of Fallot

Back 20

pulmonic stenosis, interventricular septal defect, hypertrophy of right ventricle, and transposition of the aorta

Front 21

congestive heart failure; defective blood-pumping system, marked by breathlessness and abnormal retention of sodium and water

Back 21

CHF

Front 22

embolism

Back 22

the sudden blocking of an artery by an embolus (a foreign object - fat, air, tissue, blood)

Front 23

embolus

Back 23

a foreign object (i.e., air, fat, tissue, or blood) brought by the blood and forced into a smaller vessel, thus obstructing the circulation

Front 24

pulmonary embolism; a sudden blockage in a lung artery, usually caused by a blood clot that travels to the lung from a vein in the leg; symptoms include shortness of breath, rapid heart, and inflammation of the pleura, causing sharp chest pain.

Back 24

PE

Front 25

endocarditis

Back 25

exudative and proliferative inflammation of the endocardium

Front 26

fibrillation

Back 26

a small, local, involuntary muscular contraction, caused by spontaneous activation of single muscle cells or muscle fibers

Front 27

coronary thrombosis

Back 27

thrombosis of a coronary artery, often leading to myocardial infarction

Front 28

infarction

Back 28

a localized area of ischemic necrosis owing to occlusion of the arterial supply

Front 29

myocardial infarction

Back 29

gross necrosis of the myocardium, caused by decreased blood supply to the area

Front 30

occlusion

Back 30

obstruction; a closing off of the coronary arteries, leading to a heart attack

Front 31

heart block

Back 31

impairment of conduction in heart excitation; often applied specifically to arterioventricular heart block

Front 32

Hodgkin's disease

Back 32

painless progressive enlargement of lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphoid tissue; symptoms include anorexia, lassitude, weight loss, fever, itching, night sweats, and anemia

Front 33

ischemia

Back 33

deficiency of blood in a part; caused by spasm of blood vessel, temporarily reducing blood flow

Front 34

leukemia

Back 34

malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, e.g., abnormal proliferation and development of leukocytes and related cells in blood and bone marrow

Front 35

plaque

Back 35

a deposit of fatty material in the artery (atherosclerosis)

Front 36

rheumatic heart disease

Back 36

most important manifestation and sequel to rheumatic fever, consisting chiefly of valvular deformities

Front 37

thrombophlebitis

Back 37

inflammation of a vein associated with thrombus formation

Front 38

transient ischemic attack; brief interruption of circulation to a portion of the brain owing to vascular spasm, causing temporary loss of function; a precursor to CVA (cerebrovascular accident)

Back 38

TIA

Front 39

varicose veins

Back 39

dilated, tortuous vein, usually in the leg, caused by a defective venous valve

Front 40

angiography

Back 40

x-ray technique using an injected contrast medium to visualize the heart and blood vessels

Front 41

angioplasty

Back 41

surgical or percutaneous reconstruction of blood vessels

Front 42

auscultation

Back 42

the act of listening for sounds within the body chiefly to ascertain the condition of the thoracic or abdominal viscera; may be performed with the unaided ear or with a stethoscope

Front 43

bradycardia

Back 43

slowness of the heartbeat; rate < 60

Front 44

bypass

Back 44

a surgically created route to circumvent the normal path

Front 45

collateral circulation

Back 45

circulation by secondary channels after obstruction of the principal channel supplying the heart

Front 46

commissurotomy

Back 46

surgical incision of a defective heart valve to increase the size of the orifice; commonly done to separate adherent, thickened leaflets of a stenotic mitral valve

Front 47

computed axial tomography; diagnostic x-ray technique using ionizing radiation to produce cross-section images of the body

Back 47

CAT or CT scan

Front 48

dyscrasia

Back 48

any abnormal condition of the blood

Front 49

positron emission tomography; computerized x-ray technique using injected radioactive substances to measure blood flow and metabolic activity of the heart and blood vessels

Back 49

PET

Front 50

tachycardia

Back 50

abnormally rapid heart rate

Front 51

thrombolysis

Back 51

injection of a drug to dissolve a blood clot and restore blood flow in the coronary artery to prevent heart damage during a heart attack

Front 52

acute lymphocytic leukemia

Back 52

ALL

Front 53

acute myeloblastic leukemia (myeloblast: primitive bone marrow WBC)

Back 53

AML

Front 54

arteriosclerotic heart disease

Back 54

ASHD

Front 55

coronary artery bypass graft

Back 55

CABG

Front 56

deep vein thrombosis

Back 56

DVT

Front 57

adenoids

Back 57

masses of lymph tissue near the opening into the pharynx

Front 58

carinii pneumonia

Back 58

pneumonia caused by a common worldwide parasite to which most people have a natural immunity

Front 59

Kaposi's sarcoma

Back 59

malignant tumor of the blood vessels associated with AIDS

Front 60

lymphadenopathy

Back 60

any disorder of the lymph nodes or lymph vessels

Front 61

lymphoma

Back 61

malignant tumor of the lymph nodes and lymph tissue

Front 62

monocucleosis

Back 62

acute infection of B lymphocytes caused by Epstein-Barr virus

Front 63

pneumonocystic pneumonia

Back 63

rare form of pneumonia in AIDS patients

Front 64

sarcoidosis

Back 64

a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by small rounded lesions forming on the spleen, lymph nodes, and other organs

Front 65

sarcoma

Back 65

a malignant neoplasm of the connective and supportive tissues of the body