Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
155 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
heart |
the organ of circulation of the blood |
|
|
atrium (pl., atria) |
one of the two (left and right) upper chambers of the heart; these upper chambers collect blood |
|
|
ventricle |
one of the two (left and right) lower chambers of the heart; they pump blood from the heart |
|
|
apex |
the pointed (normally to the left) end of the heart |
|
|
valves |
a membrane in a passage to prevent backward flow
|
|
|
tricuspid |
valve situated between the right atrium and right ventricle |
|
|
pulmonary semilunar |
valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk
|
|
|
mitral, bicuspid
|
valve situated between the left atrium and left ventricle |
|
|
aortic semilunar |
valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta
|
|
|
septum |
dividing wall between the right and left sides of the heart |
|
|
myocardium |
middle, thickest layer of the heart wall, made of cardiac muscle
|
|
|
pericardium |
the fibroserous sac enclosing the heart |
|
|
endocardium |
lining membrane of the heart's cavities |
|
|
epicardium |
the visceral pericardium |
|
|
sinoatrial node or SA noded |
atypical muscle fibers at the junction of the superior vena cava and right atrium; it originates the cardiac rhythm and is therefore called pacemaker of the heart |
|
|
atrioventricular node |
Purkinje fibers beneath the endocardium of the right atrium in the septum |
|
|
bundle of His |
cardiac muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles of the heart |
|
|
circulation |
movement in the circuitous course; as the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels
|
|
|
pulmonary |
movement of blood through the lungs and the pulmonary artery |
|
|
systemic
|
pertaining to movement of blood to the body as a whole |
|
|
portal |
circulation of blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen through the portal vein to the liver |
|
|
artery |
a vessel in which blood flows away from the heart, carrying oxygenated blood |
|
|
aorta
|
the great artery arising from the left ventricle; largest artery |
|
|
coronary arteries
|
arteries from the base of the aorta that supply the heart muscle with blood
|
|
|
vein |
a vessel in which blood flows toward the heart, carrying blood with little oxygen |
|
|
vena cava |
largest vein; Inferior: the venous trunk for the lower viscera. Superior: the venous trunk draining blood from the head, neck, upper limbs, and thorax |
|
|
capillary |
a minute, hairlike vessel connecting arterioles and venules |
|
|
red blood cells, RBCs, erythrocytes |
red corpuscles; one of the formed elements in peripheral blood. They contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen. |
|
|
white blood cells, WBCs, leukocytes |
colorless blood corpuscles capable of ameboid movement; protect the body against pathogenic microorganisms. |
|
|
granulocytes |
any cells containing granules, especially a granular leukocyte; formed in the bone marrow. |
|
|
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophiles, lymphocytes, and monocytes |
Five types of white blood cells |
|
|
neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils |
Three types of granulocytes |
|
|
lymphocytes and monocytes |
Two types of agranulocytes |
|
|
neutrophils |
type of cell having a nucleus with three to five lobes and cytoplasm containing very fine granules; defend the body by ingesting invaders |
|
|
eosinophils |
cell having a nucleus with two lobes and cytoplasm containing coarse granules; may be associated with allergy |
|
|
basophils |
any structure WB cells staining readily with basic dyes; function unknown |
|
|
agranulocytes |
nongranular leukocytes, produced by the spleen and lymph nodes |
|
|
lymphocytes |
WBC participating in immunity; produced by the spleen and lymph nodes |
|
|
monocytes |
WBC type that destroys foreign invaders in the body |
|
|
fibrinogen |
promotes blood clotting |
|
|
reticulocytes |
immature red blood cells, in the bone marrow |
|
|
plasma |
the fluid portion of the blood or lymph, without the cells, serum plus fibrinogen |
|
|
serum |
the clear portion of the blood separated from solid elements; plasma plus fibrinogen
|
|
|
platelet or thrombocyte |
a disk-shaped structure in the blood, for blood coagulation |
|
|
refers to the type of red blood cell: A, B, AB, or O |
Landsteiner types |
|
|
a genetically determined antigen, present on the surface of erythrocytes. There are at least eight variations. It is named for the rhesus monkey used in early experiments. One Rh factor present in blood means it is positive; if no factor is found, the blood is Rh negative |
Rh factors |
|
|
hypertension |
persistently high arterial blood pressure; causes may or may not be identifiable |
|
|
sphygmomanometer |
an instrument for measuring arterial blood pressure |
|
|
systolic pressure |
the contraction, or period of contraction, of the heart, especially of the ventricles; the top number in a blood pressure reading |
|
|
diastolic pressure |
the dilation, or the period of dilation of the heart, especially of the ventricles; the bottom number in a blood pressure reading |
|
|
anemia |
reduction below normal of red blood cells, hemoglobin or the volume of packed red cells in the blood; a symptom of various disorders |
|
|
aneurysm |
a sac formed by localized dilation of an artery or vein |
|
|
angina pectoris |
pain in the chest, caused by decreased supply of oxygen to the heart muscle; can be precipitated by increased activity or stress |
|
|
arrhythmia |
variation from the normal rhythm of the heartbeat |
|
|
arteriosclerosis |
thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls, slowing the flow of blood |
|
|
cardiac arrest |
cessation of heart function |
|
|
coarctation |
stricture or narrowing of a vessel |
|
|
cyanosis |
dark, slightly bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from reduced hemoglobin in the blood |
|
|
patent ductus arteriosis |
birth defect; duct with an abnormal open lumen in the ductus arteriosis |
|
|
tetralogy of Fallot |
birth defect consisting of pulmonic stenosis, interventricular septal defect, hypertrophy of right ventricle, and transposition of the aorta |
|
|
congestive heart failure (CHF) |
defective blood-pumping system, marked by breathlessness and abnormal retention of sodium and water |
|
|
embolism |
the sudden blocking of an artery by an a foreign object (i.e., air, fat, tissue, or blood) brought by the blood and forced into a smaller vessel, thus obstructing the circulation |
|
|
embolus |
a foreign object (i.e., air, fat, tissue, or blood) brought by the blood and forced into a smaller vessel, thus obstructing the circulation |
|
|
endocarditis |
exudative and proliferative inflammation of the endocardium |
|
|
fibrillation |
a small, local, involuntary muscular contraction, caused by spontaneous activation of single muscle cells or muscle fibers |
|
|
coronary thrombosis |
formation of a blood clot in the main artery supplying the heart, often leading to myocardial infarction |
|
|
infarction |
a localized area of ischemic necrosis owing to occlusion of the arterial supply |
|
|
myocardial infarction |
gross necrosis of the myocardium, caused by decreased blood supply to the area
|
|
|
occlusion |
obstruction, a closing off of the coronary arteries, leading to a heart attack |
|
|
heart block
|
impairment of conduction in heart excitation; often applied specifically to arterioventricular malfunction |
|
|
heart murmur |
an auscultatory sound (soft, blowing); a periodic sound of short duration of cardiac origin; may be the result of an incompetent valve |
|
|
hemophilia |
a hereditary hemorrhagic condition caused by lack of one or more clotting factors |
|
|
Hodgkin's disease |
painless progressive enlargement of lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphoid tissue; symptoms include anorexia lassitude, weight loss, fever, itching, night sweats, and anemia |
|
|
congenital defects |
defects present at birth
|
|
|
ischemia |
deficiency of blood in a part; caused by spasm of blood vessel, temporarily reducing blood flow |
|
|
leukemia |
a malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, e.g., abnormal proliferation and development of leukocytes and related cells |
|
|
myocarditis |
inflammation of the myocardium |
|
|
pericarditis |
inflammation of the pericardium |
|
|
plaque |
a deposit of fatty material in the artery (atherosclerosis) |
|
|
rheumatic heart disease |
the most important manifestation and sequel to rheumatic fever, consisting chiefly of valvular deformities |
|
|
stoke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA) |
a sudden and acute vascular lesion of the brain caused by hemorrhage, embolism, thrombosis, or rupturing blood vessels |
|
|
thrombophlebitis |
inflammation of a vein associated with a thrombus formation |
|
|
transient ischemic attach (TIA) |
brief interruption of the circulation to a portion of the brain owing to vascular spasm, causing temporary loss of function; a precursor to CVA |
|
|
varicose veins |
a dilated, tortuous vein, usually in the leg, caused by a defective venous valve |
|
|
angiography |
x-ray technique using an injected contrast medium to visualize the heart and blood vessels |
|
|
angioplasty |
surgical or percutaneous reconstruction of blood vessels |
|
|
balloon angioplasty |
insertion of a balloon to dilate a vessel |
|
|
antihypertensive drug |
a drug that reduces or eliminates high blood pressure |
|
|
bradycardia |
slowness of the heartbeat, as evidenced by a pulse rate of <60 |
|
|
bypass
|
a surgically created route to circumvent the normal path |
|
|
cardiac catheterization |
a long, fine catheter is navigated through a peripheral blood vessel into the chambers of the heart using x-ray visualization as a guide |
|
|
collateral circulation |
circulation by secondary channels after obstruction of the principal channel supplying the heart |
|
|
commissurotomy |
surgical incision of a defective heart valve to increase the size of the orifice; commonly done to separate adherent, thickened leaflets of a stenotic mitral valve |
|
|
computed axial tomography (CAT scan or CT scan) |
diagnostic x-ray technique that uses ionizing radiation to produce cross-section images of the body; the x-ray feeds the images into a computer that produces cross-sectional pictures |
|
|
coronary artery bypass graft |
use of a leg vein or synthetic material to substitute for an occluded artery in the heart |
|
|
digitalize |
to administer digitalis in a dosage schedule designed to produce and then maintain optimal heart contraction with nominal side effects |
|
|
diuretic |
an agent that promotes removal of excess interstitial fluid and results in increased urine secretion |
|
|
Doppler |
a device for measuring blood flow that transmits and reflects sound waves |
|
|
dyscrasia
|
any abnormal condition of the blood |
|
|
echocardiography |
diagnostic procedure using ultrasound waves to study the structure and motion of the heart and to detect changes in some heart disorders |
|
|
electrocardiogram |
the record produced by electrocardiography |
|
|
endarterectomy (en'-dar-ter-ek-to-me) |
excision of thickened areas of the innermost coat of an artery to increase blood flow |
|
|
exercise stress test |
test widely used to assess cardiac function by means of subjecting the patient to controlled amounts of physical stress |
|
|
hemoglobin |
the oxygen-carrying pigment of the red blood cells; it contains iron and copper |
|
|
heparin |
a substance that counteracts blood clotting, existing both as a natural substance in the blood and as a drug |
|
|
Holter monitor |
a portable device for monitoring blood pressure or heart/respiratory rate |
|
|
lumen |
the cavity or channel within a tube |
|
|
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
noninvasive procedure that uses strong magnetic fields and radiofrequency waves to produce images of soft tissue, heart, blood vessels, and brain; used to detect possible tumors and other pericardial conditions |
|
|
pacemaker |
that which sets the pace at which a phenomenon occurs |
|
|
position emission tomography (PET) |
computerized x-ray technique using radioactive substances, which are given by injection, to measure blood flow and metabolic activity of the heart and blood vessels; the radiation emitted is measured by the PET camera |
|
|
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) |
dilation of a blood vessel by means of a balloon catheter inserted through the skin and into the chosen vessel and then passed through the lumen of the vessel to the site of the lesion , where the balloon is inflated to flatten plaque against the artery wall |
|
|
serum lipid test |
tests on drawn blood samples to measure the amount of cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein substances in the blood |
|
|
sinus rhythm |
the normal heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node (SA node) |
|
|
tachycardia |
abnormally rapid heart rate |
|
|
thallium stress test |
thallium injections are give intravenously in conjunction with the stress test to determine whether there are changes in coronary blood flow during exercise; changes may be indicative of ischemia, severe coronary narrowing, or infarction |
|
|
thrombolysis |
injection of a drug to dissolve a blood clot and restore blood flow in the coronary artery to prevent heart damage during a heart attack |
|
|
vasodilator |
an agent that dilates blood vessels |
|
|
vasopressor |
and agent that constricts blood vessels |
|
|
acute lymphocytic leukemia |
ALL |
|
|
acute mycardial infarction |
AMI |
|
|
acute myloblastic leukemia (myloblast = primitive bone marrow WBC) |
AML |
|
|
arterial septal defect |
ASD |
|
|
arteriosclerotic heart disease |
ASHD |
|
|
ventricular tachycardia |
VT |
|
|
bundle branch block |
BBB |
|
|
blood pressure |
BP |
|
|
coronary artery bypass graft |
CABG |
|
|
ventricular septal defect |
VSD |
|
|
sinoatrial |
SA |
|
|
premature ventricular contractions |
PVC |
|
|
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty |
PTCA |
|
|
point of maximal impulse (of heart on chest wall) |
PMI |
|
|
mitral valve prolapse |
MVP |
|
|
adenoids |
masses of lymph tissue near the opening into the pharynx |
|
|
antibodies |
substances produced by the body in response to foreign organisms |
|
|
capillaries |
smallest of the lymph vessels, they transport interstitial fluid back to the blood via large lymph vessels |
|
|
ducts |
the largest of the lymph vessels, point of entry to blood circulation |
|
|
fluid |
interstitial fluid in the lymph vessels |
|
|
nodes |
collections of lymphatic tissue |
|
|
lymphocytes |
leukocytes originating from stem cells and developing in the bone marrow |
|
|
macrophage |
large cell involved in defending against infection; found in lymph nodes, spleen, liver, lungs, brain, and spinal cord |
|
|
phagocytes |
cells that engulf and destroy bacteria |
|
|
spleen |
large organ located behind the stomach that filters blood to remove pathogens and serves as a blood reservoir |
|
|
T cells |
important part of the immune response; provide defense against disease by attacking foreign and abnormal cells |
|
|
thymus gland |
endocrine gland that stimulates red bone marrow to produce T lymphocytes |
|
|
tonsils |
three masses of lymphatic tissue that help protect against harmful substances gaining entry through the mouth and nose |
|
|
hypersplenism |
enlargement of the spleen; splenomegaly
|
|
|
Kaposi's sarcoma |
malignant tumor of the blood vessels associated with AIDS |
|
|
lymphadenopathy |
any disorder of the lymph nodes or lymph vessels |
|
|
lymphoma |
malignant tumor of the lymph nodes and lymph tissue |
|
|
mononucleosis |
benign self-limiting acute infection of B lymphocytes usually caused by Epstein-Barr virus |
|
|
pneumonocystic pneumonia |
a rare form of pneumonia in AIDS patients |
|
|
sarcoidosis |
a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by small rounded lesions forming on the spleen, lymph nodes and other organs |
|
|
sarcoma |
a malignant neoplasm of the connective and supportive tissues of the body |
|
|
Krystle |
Easily the hottest person on the planet |
