Chapter 13 - Social Psychology

Front 1

Social Psychology

Back 1

Study of how people influence others behaviour, beliefs and attitudes

Front 2

Social comparison theory

Back 2

Theory that we seek to evaluate our abilities and beliefs by comparing them with those of others

Front 3

Mass hysteria

Back 3

Outbreak of irrational behaviour that is spread by social contagion

Front 4

Social facilitation

Back 4

Enhancement of performance brought about by the presence of others

Front 5

Attribution

Back 5

Process of assigning causes to behaviour

Front 6

Fundamental attribution error

Back 6

Tendency to overestimate the impact of dispositional influences on toher peoples behaviour

Front 7

Conformity

Back 7

Tendency of people to alter their behaviour as a result of group pressure

Front 8

Deindividuation

Back 8

Tendency of people to engage in uncharacteristic behavior when they're stripped of their usual identities

Front 9

Group think

Back 9

Emphasis on group unanimity at the expense of critical thinking

Front 10

Group polarization

Back 10

Tendency of group discussion to strenthen the dominant positions held by individual group members

Front 11

Cults

Back 11

Group of individuals who exhibit intense and inquestioning devotion to a single cause

Front 12

Inoculation effect

Back 12

Approach to convincing people to change their minds about something by first introducing reasons why the perspective might be correct and the rebuking them

Front 13

Obedience

Back 13

Adherence to instructions from those of higher authority

Front 14

Pluralistic ignorance

Back 14

Error of assuming that no one in a group perceive as we do

Front 15

Diffusion of responsibility

Back 15

Reduction in feelings of personal responsibility in the presence of others

Front 16

Social loafing

Back 16

Phenomenon whereby individuals become less productive in a group

Front 17

Altruism

Back 17

Helping others for unselfish reasons

Front 18

Enlightenment effect

Back 18

Learning about psychological research can change real-world behaviour for the better

Front 19

Aggression

Back 19

Behaviour intended to harm others, either verbally or physically

Front 20

Relational aggression

Back 20

Form of indirect aggression, prevalent in girls, involving spreading rumors, gossip and using nonverbal putdowns for the purpose of social manipulation

Front 21

Attitude

Back 21

Belief that includes an emotional component

Front 22

Self-monitoring

Back 22

Personality trait that assesses the extent to which peoples behavior reflects their true feelings and attitude

Front 23

Cognitive dissonance

Back 23

Unpleasant mental experience of tension resulting from two conflicting thoughts or beliefs

Front 24

Self-perception theory

Back 24

Theory that we don't really change our attitudes, but we report that we have so that our behaviours appear consistent with our attitudes

Front 25

Foot-in-the-door technique

Back 25

Persuasive technique involving making a small request before making a bigger one

Front 26

Door-in-the-face technique

Back 26

Persuasive technique involving making an unreasonably large request before making the small request we're hoping to have granted

Front 27

Low-ball technique

Back 27

Persuasive technique in which the seller of a product starts by quoting a low sales price and then mentions all of the add-on costs once the consumer has agreed to purchase the product

Front 28

"But you are free" technique

Back 28

Persuasive technique in which we convince someone to perform a favor for us by telling them that hey are free not to do it

Front 29

Prejudice

Back 29

The drawing of negative conclusion about a person, group of people, or situation prior to evaluating the evidence

Front 30

Stereotype

Back 30

A belief, positive or negative, about the characteristic of members of a group that is applied generally to most members of the group

Front 31

Ultimate attribution error

Back 31

Assumption that behaviours among individual members of a group are due to their internal dispositions

Front 32

Adaptive conservatism

Back 32

Evolutionary principle that creates a predisposition toward distrusting anything or anyone unfamiliar or different

Front 33

In-group bias

Back 33

Tendency to favor individuals within our group over those from outside our group

Front 34

Out-group homogeneity

Back 34

Tendency to view all individuals outside our group as highly similar

Front 35

Discrimination

Back 35

Negative behaviour toward members of out-groups

Front 36

Scapegoat hypothesis

Back 36

Claim that prejudice arises from the need to blame other groups for our misfortunes

Front 37

Just-world hypothesis

Back 37

Claim that our attributions and behavious are shaped by a deepseated assumption that the world is fair and all things happen for a reason

Front 38

Explicit prejudice

Back 38

Unfounded negative belief of which we're aware regarding the characteristics of an out-group

Front 39

Implicit prejudice

Back 39

Unfounded negative belief of which we're unaware regarding the characteristics of an out-group

Front 40

Jigsaw classroom

Back 40

Educational approach designed to minimize prejudice by requiring all children to make indepedent contributions to a shared project