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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social Psychology |
The study of the causes and consequences ofsociality
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Aggression
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Behavior whose purpose is to harm another
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Frustration-aggression hypothesis
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A principle stating that animals aggress only whentheir goals are thwarted
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Cooperation
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Behavior by two or more individuals that leads tomutual benefit
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Group
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A collection of people who have something in commonthat distinguishes them from others
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Prejudice
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A positive or negative evaluation of another personbased on their group membership
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Discrimination
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Positive or negative behavior toward another personbased on their group membership
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Deindividuation
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A phenomenon that occurs when immersion in a group causespeople to become less aware of their individual values
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Diffusion of responsibility
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The tendency for individuals to feel diminished responsibilityfor their actions when they are surrounded by others who are acting the sameway
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Altruism
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Behavior that benefits another without benefitingoneself
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Kin selection
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The process by which evolution selects forindividuals who cooperate with their relatives
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Reciprocal altruism
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Behavior that benefits another with the expectationthat those benefits will be returned in the future
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Equity
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A state of affairs in which the cost-benefit ratios of two partners areroughly equal
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Social influence
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The availability to control another person’sbehavior
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Norm
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A customary standard for behavior that is widelyshared by members of a culture
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Normative influence
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A phenomenon that occurs when another person’sbehavior provides information about what is appropriate
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Norm of reciprocity
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The unwritten rule that people should benefit thosewho have benefited them
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Door-in-the face technique
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A strategy that uses reciprocating concessions toinfluence behavior
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Conformity
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The tendency to do what others do simply becauseothers are doing it
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Obedience
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The tendency to do what powerful people tell us todo
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Attitude |
An enduring positive or negative evaluation of anobject or event
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Belief
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An enduring piece of knowledge about an object orevent
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Information influence
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A phenomenon that occurs when a person’s behaviorprovides information about what is good or right |
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Persuasion |
A phenomenon that occurs when a person’s attitudesor beliefs are influenced by a communication from another person |
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Systematic persuasion |
The process by which attitudes or beliefs arechanged by appeals to reason |
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Heuristic persuasion |
Theprocess by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to habit foremotion |
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Foot-in-the-door technique |
A technique that involves a small request followedby a larger request |
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Cognitive dissonance |
An unpleasant state that arises when a personrecognizes the inconsistency of his or her actions ,attitudes, or beliefs |
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Social cognition |
The processes by which people come to understandothers |
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Stereotyping |
The process by which people form inferences about others based on their knowledge of the categories to which others belong |
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Perceptual confirmation |
A phenomenon that occurs when observers perceivewhat they expect to perceive |
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Self-fulfilling prophecy |
The tendency for people to cause what they expectto see |
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Subtyping |
The tendency for people who are faced withdisconfirming evidence to modify their stereotypes rather than abandon them |
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Attribution |
An inference about the cause of a person’s behavior |
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Correspondence bias |
The tendency to make a dispositional attributioneven when a person’s behavior was caused by the situation |
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Actor-observer effect |
The tendency to make situational attributions forour own behaviors while making dispositional attributions for the identicalbehavior of others |
