Chapter 13: Emotion, Stress, And Psychological Health

Front 1

emotion

Back 1

a state of arousal involving face and body changes, brain activation, cognitive appraisals, subjective feelings and tendencies toward action

Front 2

facial feedback

Back 2

the process by which the facial muscles send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed, can trigger physical manifestations such as increased heart rate

Front 3

what type of response is said to occur when an emotion invokes a response

Back 3

an action tendancy

Front 4

what portions of the brain are involved in action tendency impulses

Back 4

the prefrontal regions of the brain

Front 5

what side of the prefrontal region is involved in the impulse to withdraw or escape, disgust, fear

Back 5

the right prefrontal region

Front 6

what side of the prefrontal region is involved in the motivation to approach others such as in happiness and anger

Back 6

the left prefrontal region

Front 7

what other function due portions of the prefrontal cortex play

Back 7

regulation of emotion, helps us modify and control our feelings, keeps us on an even keel and helps us interpret the reactions of others

Front 8

what function does the amygdala play in emotion? what can the cortex due in relation to the amygdala's function

Back 8

it evaluates sensory information, determining the emotional importance, and makes the initial decision to withdraw or approach from a person or situation.

the cortex can then override the amygdala's function due to a more accurate assessment

Front 9

what can occur if damage to the amygdala or portions of the cortex occurs?

Back 9

an individual may be unable to feel fear or be constantly afraid

Front 10

what are mirror neurons?

Back 10

brain cells that fire when a person or animal observes another carrying out an action

Front 11

what emotions due mirror neurons appear to be involved in?

Back 11

empathy, imitation, and reading emotions

Front 12

if you like an individual and you mimic their facial movements and gestures will this increase your liking of the individual? what if you don't like the person

Back 12

if you like someone mimicking their facial expressions and gestures will increase your liking of them but not if you don't like them

Front 13

what is mood contagion

Back 13

the spreading of an emotion from one person to another

Front 14

when you are under stress or feeling an intense emotion, the sympathetic nervous system stimulates the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine. What sensation cant his create at high levels? can you control how you act in such a circumstance

Back 14

This can make someone feel that an emotion is out of their control. People cannot control their heart and BP but they can control how they act.

Front 15

do polygraph machines truly detect lies

what about the use of voice analysis or fMRI

Back 15

No, no physiological patterns of autonomic arousal are specific to lying. voice analysis in inconclusive and so is fmri

Front 16

3 y.o. sees her dad dressed as a gorilla and runs away in fear. What structure in the brain is probably involved in her emotion

Back 16

the amygdala

Front 17

a girl is watching a funny movie which makes her want to see more funny movies. What side of her cortex is most active

Back 17

left

Front 18

a girl is in a bad mood and her friends make her come to a funny movie with them. she can't help but laugh and soon finds that her bad mood is gone. what psysiological mechanism might be the reason

Back 18

facial feedback: smiling and laughing communicate to her brain that she is happy, emotional contagion that she received from her friends might also be at work

Front 19

casey is watching a horror movie, what cells in his brain are making him wince when someone is being attacked?

Back 19

mirror neurons

Front 20

casey is watching a horror movie. what hormones are making his palms sweat and his heart pound

Back 20

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Front 21

what are appraisals

Back 21

the beliefs perceptions, expectations and judgments that people draw on to explain their own and other peoples behavior, an that influence which emotion a person will feel in a given circumstance

Front 22

do appraisals differ in cultural terms? give an example.

Back 22

yes, Japanese often blame themselves for failures and are more prone to feel shame whereas Americans tend to blame others and feel anger. success for Americans gives emotions of pride whereas Japanese feel lucky

Front 23

do thoughts affect emotions? do emotions affect thoughts?

Back 23

yes they both affect one another, it is a two-way street

Front 24

two girls get B's on a test. one girl is happy and the other is mad. what appraisals are probably affecting their emotional reactions

Back 24

one girl probably expected a lower grade and thus felt happy or proud of herself whereas the other girl probably was expecting a better grade and attributed her low grade to an unfair instructor which made her feel mad

Front 25

at a party someone flirts with your girlfriend and you are flooded with jealousy. what thoughts might be causing this? what alternative thoughts might reduce your jealous feelings

Back 25

you may feel that your date finds another man attractive or that your date is humiliating you. an alternative would be to think that it is a complement that others find your date attractive

Front 26

What are display rules

Back 26

social and cultural rules that regulate when, how, and where a person may express or suppress emotion

Front 27

what is emotion work?

Back 27

acting out an emotion, not because you feel a certain way, but because you feel it to be socially appropriate

Front 28

a girl is working at a fast food restaurant and is mad when a customer isn't ordering fast enough. she curses him out. to keep her job and her temper this person could use more practice in what-------------- ---------------------

Back 28

emotional work

Front 29

a student says something that embarrasses a student from another culture. the student from another culture smiles to disguise his discomfort. this makes the first student feel angry. this misunderstanding reflects the students' different -------------------- ------------------ for the expression of embarrassment and anger

Back 29

display rules

Front 30

True or false: throughout the world, women are more emotionally expressive than men

Back 30

false

Front 31

what is general adaptation syndrome

Back 31

a series of physiological reactions to stress occurring in 3 phases: alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Front 32

what is does the alarm phase consist of?

Back 32

sympathetic nervous systems response to immediate threat. epi and norepi released. increased HR, blood flow, tensing of muscles. digestion slows

Front 33

what does the resistance phase consist of?

Back 33

alarm phase continues but makes the body more vulnerable to stressors.

Front 34

what does the exhaustion phase consist of?

Back 34

persistent stress depletes body supply of energy, makes people more vulnerable to physical problems and illness. chronic headache, hypertension and digestive disorder may result

Front 35

what is the HPA axis

Back 35

system activated to energize the body to respond to stressors. hypothalamus sends messengers to pituitary gland causing adrenal cortex to produce cortisol and other hormones

Front 36

what is psychoneuroimmunology

Back 36

PNI is the study of relationships among psychology, the nervous and endocrine systems, and the immune system

Front 37

what do many PNI researchers focus on?

Back 37

the white blood cells of the immune system and stresses relationship to its decreased function

Front 38

what can happen with chronic stress and telomere length

Back 38

it can shorten telomere length which leads to decreased life span of cells

Front 39

can having an optimistic attitude protect someone from stress

Back 39

yes, people that are optimistic are more likely to seek out things to help them, however, if someone is too optimistic, they might forego doing things that are in their best interest such as taking medicine for an illness

Front 40

what is conscientiousness

Back 40

the ability to persist in pursuit of goals, get an education, work hard, but enjoy the work and its' challenges and be responsible

Front 41

what is locus of control

Back 41

general expectation about whether the results of your actions are under your own control (internal locus) or out of your control (external locus)

Front 42

True or false:people who have internal loci of control recover faster from disease and surgery

Back 42

True

Front 43

What is primary control?

Back 43

an effort to modify reality by changing other people, the situation or events, a fighting back philosophy

Front 44

what is secondary control

Back 44

an effort to accept reality by changing your own attitudes, goals, or emotions; a learn to live with it philosophy

Front 45

what is cynical or antagonistic hostility?

Back 45

people who are of mistrustful of others and always seeking to provoke mean furious anguments.

Front 46

does depression increase risks of disease

Back 46

double risk of later heart attack and cardiovascular disease

Front 47

does cancer cause depression

Back 47

yes cancerous tumors and immune system combating cancer produce high levels of chemical which can cause depression

Front 48

what can emotional inhibition lead to

Back 48

health issues and less effective social relationships

Front 49

what are confessions impacts on health

Back 49

divulging things which make you worried or scared has shown to result in decrease risk of flu in college students

Front 50

benefits of forgiveness

Back 50

helps promote empathy, strengthens and repairs ongoing relationships is not a cure all

reduces physiological symptoms of grudges such as hypertension and tachycardia

Front 51

what is emotion-focused coping?

Back 51

coping which concentrates on the emotions a problem has caused such as anxiety, grief or anger. people often need to talk constantly about an event to come to terms with it before moving on to coping with how to solve a problem

Front 52

what are the 3 effective cognitive coping methods

Back 52

reappraisal, learning from the experience and making social comparisons

Front 53

what is reappraisal

Back 53

look at a problem differently. anger can be turned to sympathy, worry into determination, and feelings of loss into opportunity

Front 54

what can learning from a problem teach us

Back 54

it can teach us skills that we use later in life and provide feelings of mastery and control