Chapter 13: Blood System Vocabulary

Front 1

albumin

Back 1

Protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood

Front 2

antibody

Back 2

Protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens. An antibody is specific to an antigen and inactivates it

Front 3

antigen

Back 3

Substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody

Front 4

basophil

Back 4

Granulocytic white blood cell with granules that stain blue whe exposed to a basic dye

Front 5

bilirubin

Back 5

Orange-yellow pigment in bile. It is formed by the breakdown of hemoglobum when red blood cells die

Front 6

coagulation

Back 6

Blood clotting

Front 7

colony-stimulating factor (CSF)

Back 7

Protein that stimulates the growth and proliferation of white blood cells (granulocytes)

Front 8

differentiation

Back 8

Change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization

Front 9

electrophoresis

Back 9

Method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge

Front 10

eosinophil

Back 10

Granulocytic white blood cell with granules that stain red with acidic dye eosin; associated with allergic reactions

Front 11

erythrocyte

Back 11

Red blood cell.

Front 12

erythropoietin (EPO)

Back 12

Hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates formation of red blood cells

Front 13

fibrin

Back 13

Protein threads that form the basis of a blood clot

Front 14

fibrinogen

Back 14

Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

Front 15

globulins

Back 15

Part of the blood containing different plasma proteins. Immunoglobulins and alpha and beta globulins are examples

Front 16

granulocyte

Back 16

White blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules; eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil

Front 17

heme

Back 17

Iron-containing nonprotein portion of the hemoglobin molecule

Front 18

hemoglobin

Back 18

Blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in re blood cells

Front 19

hemolysis

Back 19

Destruction or breakdown of blood (red blood cells)

Front 20

heparin

Back 20

Anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

Front 21

immune reaction

Back 21

Response of the immune system to foreign invasion

Front 22

immunoglobulin

Back 22

Protein (globulin) with antibody activity; examples are IgC, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD. Immun/o means protection

Front 23

leukocyte

Back 23

White blood cell

Front 24

lymphocyte

Back 24

Mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies

Front 25

macrophage

Back 25

Monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces. It is a large phagocyte

Front 26

megakaryocyte

Back 26

Large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow

Front 27

monocyte

Back 27

Large mononuclear phagocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow. Monocytes become macrophages as they leave the blood and enter body tissues

Front 28

mononuclear

Back 28

Pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus; lymphocytes and monocytes are monoclear leukocytes

Front 29

neutrophil

Back 29

Granulocyte leukocyte formed in bone marrow; a phagocyte with neutral-staining granules; also called a polymorphonuclear leukocyte or "poly"

Front 30

plasma

Back 30

Liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, hormones, and vitamins

Front 31

plasmapheresis

Back 31

Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge. Collected cells are retransferred back into the donor. Fresh-frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma

Front 32

platelet

Back 32

Smallest blood cell (thrombocyte); these cells clump at sites of injury to prevent bleeding and facilitate clotting

Front 33

prothrombin

Back 33

Plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process

Front 34

reticulocyte

Back 34

Immature erythrocyte with a network of strands (reticulin) that are seen after straining the cell with special dyes

Front 35

Rh factor

Back 35

Antigen on red blood cells of Rh positive individuals. The factor was first identified in the blood of a rhesus monkey

Front 36

serum

Back 36

Plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. Clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when allowed to clot. It is formed from plasma, but does not contain protein-coagulation factors

Front 37

stem cell

Back 37

Unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms. A hematopoietic stem cell is the progenitor for all different types of blood cells

Front 38

thrombin

Back 38

Enzyme that coverts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation

Front 39

thrombocyte

Back 39

Platelet