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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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minority group
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a subordinate group whose members, even if they represent a numeric majority, have significantly less control or power over their own lives than the members of a dominant or majority group have over theirs
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racial group
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a group that is set apart from other because of physical differences that have taken on social significance
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ethnic group
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a group that is set apart from others primarily because of its national origin and distinctive patterns
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racial formation
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a sociohistorical process in which racial categories are created, inhibited, transformed, and destroyed
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stereotype
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an unreliable generalization about all members of a group that doesnt recognize individual differences within the group
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prejudice
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a negative attidue toward an entire category of people, often toward an ethnic or racial minority
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ethnocentrism
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the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others
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racism
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the belief that one race is supreme and all others are inferior
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hate crime
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a criminal offense committed beacuse of the offender's bias against an individual based on race, religion, ethnicity, national origin, or sexual orientation
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color-blind racism
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the use of race-neutral principles to perpetuate a racially unequal status quo
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discrimination
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the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or other arbitrary reasons
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racial profiling
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any police-initiated action based on race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than on a person's behavior
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institutional discrimination
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the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups that results from the normal operations of a society
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affirmative action
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positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities
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exploitation theory
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a belief that views racial subordination in the US as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism
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contact hypothesis
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the theory that in cooperative circumstances interracial contact between people of equal status will reduce prejudice
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genocide
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the deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation
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expulsion
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the systematic removal of a group of people from society
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amalgamation
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the process through which a majority group and a minority group combine to form a new group
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assimilation
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the process through which a person forsakes his or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture
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segregation
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the physical separation of two groups of people in terms of residence, workplace, and social events; often imposed on a minority group by a dominant group
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apartheid
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a former policy of the South African government, designed to maintain the separation of blacks and other non-whites from the dominant Whites
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pluralism
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mutual respect for one another's cultures among the various groups in a society, which allows minorities to express their own cultures without experiencing prejudice
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black power
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a political philosophy, promoted by many younger Blacks in the 1960s, that supported the creation of Black-controlled political and economic institutions
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model OR ideal minority
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a subordinate group whose members supposedly have succeeded economically, socially, and educationally despite past prejudice and discrimination
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anti-semitism
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anti-jewish prejudice
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symbolic ethnicity
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an ethnic identity that emphasizes concerns such as ethnic food or political issues rather than deeper ties to one's ethnic heritage
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