Chapter 12 : The Cell Cycle

Front 1

Cell Division

Back 1

The reproduction of cells. "Every cell from a cell".

Front 2

Cell Cycle

Back 2

The life of a cell from the time it is formed during division of a parent cell until it's own division into two daughter cells.

Front 3

Genome

Back 3

A cell's endowment of DNA, its genetic information.

Front 4

Chromosomes

Back 4

Structures that DNA molecules are packaged into to make the replication and distributions of the large amount of DNA possible.

Front 5

Chromatin

Back 5

The entire complex of DNA and protiens that is the building material of chromosomes. It varies in its degree of condensation during the process of cell division.

Front 6

Somatic Cells

Back 6

All body cells except the reproductive cells.

Front 7

Gametes

Back 7

Reproductive cells. Sperm and eggs.

Front 8

Sister Chromatids

Back 8

A duplicated chromosome that are joined copies of the original chromosome.

Front 9

Sister Chromatid Cohesion

Back 9

Where two Chromatids, each containing an identical DNA molecule, are initially attached all along their lenghts by protien complexes called cohesions.

Front 10

Centromere

Back 10

A region of the chromosomal DNA where the Chromatid is attached most closely to its sister Chromatid. The attachment is mediated by protiens bound to the centromeric DNA.

Front 11

Arm

Back 11

The portion of a Chromatid to either side of the centromere.

Front 12

Mitosis

Back 12

The division of the genetic material in the nucleus in somatic cells. One cell becomes two, each the genetic equivalent of the parent cell.

Front 13

Cytokinesis

Back 13

The division of the cytoplasm immediately following Mitosis.

Front 14

Mitotic (M) Phase

Back 14

The shortest part of the cell cycle that includes both mitosis and cytokinesis.

Front 15

Interphase

Back 15

This phase accounts for 90% of the cell cycle that can be separated into 3 subphases in which the cell performs intense growth and metabolic activity.

Front 16

G1 Phase

Back 16

A subphase of Interphase where a cell grows.

Front 17

S Phase

Back 17

A subphase of Interphase where the cell continues to grow as it copies its chromosomes.

Front 18

Mitosis Phases

Back 18

Prophase

Prometaphase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Front 19

G2

Back 19

Subphase of Interphase where Cell grows more as it as it completes preparations for cell division.

A nuclear envelope encloses the nucleus

Two centrosomes have formed by duplication of a single centrosome.

Chromosomes duplicated during S phase cannot be seen individually because they have not yet condensed.

Front 20

Mitotic Spindle

Back 20

Consisting of fibers made of microtubules and associated protiens it begins to form in the cytoplasm during prophase.

Front 21

Centrosome

Back 21

Regions in animal cells that organize the microtubules of the spindle.

Contains two centrioles.

Front 22

G2 of Interphase

Back 22

Front 23

Prophase

Back 23