Chapter 12: Cell Cycle

Front 1

DNA replication produces two identical DNA molecules called _____, which separate during mitosis.

Back 1

sister chromatid(s)

Front 2

After chromosomes condense, the _____ is the region where the identical DNA molecules are most tightly attached to each other.

Back 2

centromere(s)

Front 3

During mitosis, microtubules attach to chromosomes at the _____.

Back 3

kinetochore(s)

Front 4

In diving cells, most of the cells growth occurs during ____.

Back 4

interphase

Front 5

The ____ is a cell structure consisting of microtubules, which forms during early mitosis and plays a role in cell division.

Back 5

mitotic spindle(s)

Front 6

During interphase, most of the nucleus is filled with a complex of DNA and protein in a dispersed form called ____.

Back 6

chromatin

Front 7

In most eukaryotes, division of the nucleus is followed by ____, when the rest of the cell divides.

Back 7

cytokinesis

Front 8

The ____ are the organizing centers for microtubules involved in separating chromosomes during mitosis.

Back 8

centrosome(s)

Front 9

What is the final result of mitosis in a human?

Back 9

Genetically identical somatic cells consisting of 46 chromosomes.

Front 10

Why is it difficult to observe individual chromosomes with a light microscope during interphase?

Back 10

They have uncoiled to form long, thin strands.

Front 11

During which phase of mitosis do the chromatids become chromosomes?

Back 11

Anaphase

Front 12

Metaphase is characterized by _____.

Back 12

aligning of chromosomes on the equator

Front 13

At which phase are centrioles beginning to move apart in animal cells?

Back 13

Prophase

Front 14

A cleavage furrow is _____.

Back 14

a groove in the plasma membrane between daughter nuclei (in animal cells)

Front 15

Which of the following is a protein maintained at steady levels throughout the cell cycle that requires cyclin to become catalytically active?

Back 15

Cdk

Front 16

The M-phase checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are attached to the mitotic spindle. If this does not happen, cells would most likely be arrested in ____.

Back 16

metaphase

Front 17

Which of the following triggers the cell's passage past the G2 checkpoint into mitosis?

Back 17

MPF

Front 18

Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) is _____.

Back 18

an enzyme that attaches phosphate groups to other proteins

Front 19

The cyclin component of MPF is destroyed toward the end of which phase?

Back 19

M

Front 20

For a chemotherapeutic drug to be useful for treating cancer cells, which of the following is most desirable?

Back 20

It interferes with rapidly dividing cells.

Front 21

Cells from advanced malignant tumors often have very abnormal chromosomes and an abnormal number of chromosomes. What might explain the association between malignant tumors and chromosomal abnormalities?

Back 21

Cell cycle checkpoints are not in place to stop cells with chromosome abnormalities.

Front 22

Nucleoli are present during ___.

Back 22

interphase

Front 23

Cytokinesis often, but not always, accompanies ___.

Back 23

telophase

Front 24

Chromosomes become visible during _____.

Back 24

prophase

Front 25

Centromeres divide and sister chromatids become full-fledged chromosomesduring ___.

Back 25

anaphase

Front 26

Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores during _____.

Back 26

prometaphase

Front 27

body

Back 27

-some (soma-)

Front 28

chromosomes

Back 28

ploid

Front 29

small

Back 29

micro-

Front 30

self

Back 30

auto-

Front 31

without, lack of, not

Back 31

a- (an-)

Front 32

both, double

Back 32

diplo-

Front 33

single

Back 33

haplo-

Front 34

color

Back 34

chrom-

Front 35

to produce

Back 35

-gen-

Front 36

same

Back 36

homo- (homeo-)

Front 37

berfore

Back 37

pro-

Front 38

cell

Back 38

-cyte (cyto-)

Front 39

thread

Back 39

mito-

Front 40

one

Back 40

uni-

Front 41

many

Back 41

multi-

Front 42

moving

Back 42

kin- (kinet-)

Front 43

segment, body section

Back 43

-mere

Front 44

end

Back 44

telo-

Front 45

two

Back 45

bi-

Front 46

between

Back 46

inter-