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17 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

Who was Martin Luther and What did he do?

1517 - a priest wanted to reform the Catholic Church. (Reformation) He nailed a list of complaints to a church door n Wittenburg Germany. This list was cakked the Ninety-Five Theses. He created a split in the church and those who followed him and protested against the church became known as Protestants

What was the 95 Theses?

The document that Martin Luther nailed to the church door in Germany. Main points in this were (1) Luther thought only God - not the pope could grant forgiveness and (2) Luther thought buying indulgences was useless.

Pope Leo X

95 Theses was sent to him and he became outraged by Luther's actions. He called Luther a heretic and excommunicated him

excommunication

to kick someone out of the church

William Tyndale

Another reformer who was an English Professor. He thought everyone should know how to read an interpret the Bible. He tried to translate the Bible into English which upset the English clergy and tried to arrest him.

John Calvin

Another reformer whose main teachings was predestination. That nothing people did in their lives would change Gods plan. but he also taight to live a good life and obey God's laws. 1541 Switzerland made him their political leader and his followers were called Calvinites. Since people were sinful they banned all forms of entertainment like dancing and playing cards.

Henry VIII

In England main reformer because he had no sons and his wives couldn't have any more children. He wanted divorce and the Pope would not allow that. So, 1534 he declared himself the head of a new church called The Church of England, or Angelican Church. He made his break for personal reasons rather than political ones.

The Spanish Inquisition

In Spain, Roman Catholic Rulers decided to force out Jews and Muslims. After years of trying to get rid of them the Spanish Monarch (King and Queens ordered the Spanish Inquisition to find and punish and Muslims or Jews left in Spain. The Inquisition hunted down and punished converted Mulims and Jews that were suspected of keeping their old beliefs. After a time they turned on Christians (Protestants). Everyone was to belong to the Catholic Church.

Igantius of Loyola

In 1534 The first new order of Catholic Reformers was founded by this Spanish Noble - the Jesuits. He was as soldier and wanted to run this group like disciplined soldiers

Francis Xavier

Most important Missionary. He traveked through Asia in the mid-1500s bringing Catholicism to parts of India and Japan.

Huguenots

French Protestants. CAtholics and Huguenots led to years of bloody war. Conflicts begain when the French King who was Catholic decided to get rid of all Protestants in France. To accomplish this he banned all Protestant religions in France and punished or exiled any he found. Worst incident was the St. Bartholomew Massacre. King Henry the IV who was raised a Protestant ended the war with the Edict of Nantes - granting religious freedom in France.

Missionaries

Catholics who wanted to dedicate their lives helping the Catholic religion to grow. Their goal was to take Catholic teachings to peopel around the world.

What started the "Thirty Year War"

King of Bohemia wanted everyone in his kingdom to become Catholic. To enforce his decision he closed all Protestant churches in Bohemia. Many people around the world got mad. Prague replaced their Catholic ruler with a Protestant one. It became a long series of wars that involved many countries of Europe. Soon the war became about other things - political rivalries, control of territory and trade rights. After 30 yeasrs Europes leaders created a peace agreement The Treaty of Westphalia.

predestination

God determines whether or not you will go to heaven even before you are born.



annulment

to make void or null. Usually a marriage ( the church grants this instead of a divorce.

vernacular

the native speech of a place.

Simony

sin of buyng or selling anything from the church.