Chapter 12 - Foreign Affairs In The Young Nation

Front 1

How strong militarily was the US when George Washington became president in 1789?

Back 1

weak

Front 2

What threatened our new nation?

Back 2

Events in Europe, particularly when France declared war on Great Britain.

Front 3

What issue did Washington face?

Back 3

He didn't know what side to take.

Front 4

What policy did he decide on?

Back 4

Neutrality and isolationism

Front 5

What is neutrality?

Back 5

A policy of not choosing sides in a dispute or war between other countries.

Front 6

What did avoiding alliances with other countries become known as?

Back 6

Isolationism

Front 7

What occurred following the Jay Treaty?

Back 7

The British agreed to pull their troops from the Ohio Valley. France viewed this as a violation of their treaty with the US and began attacking US ship bound for Great Britain.

Front 8

What did President Adams do when this occurred?

Back 8

He sent 3 representatives to France to ask the French to end the attacks.

Front 9

What happened when the US representatives arrived?

Back 9

They were met by secret agents, X, Y, and Z.

Front 10

Did the secret agents agree to negotiate?

Back 10

Not until Foreign Minister Tallyrand received a large sum of money as a tribute.

Front 11

Did the Americans agree to pay the tribute?

Back 11

No

Front 12

How did Americans feel about the XYZ affair?

Back 12

It angered them!

Front 13

What did Congress approve?

Back 13

An army of 10,000 men and 12 ships was recruited and built. Congress launched a "half war" on the seas.

Front 14

How did President Adams feel about the war?

Back 14

He knew it was not good for the country and sent a group of men to France to work for peace.

Front 15

Was peace achieved?

Back 15

French military leader, Napoleon Bonapart made a treaty with the US in which he agreed to end France's alliance with the US and the US agreed to not make France pay for the ships which they seized.

Front 16

How did the American people feel about the treaty?

Back 16

They didn't like it. It hurt Adams popularity and cost him votes in 1800.

Front 17

How did President Jefferson react to France and Great Britain being at war again in 1803?

Back 17

He tried to remain neutral.

Front 18

What was happening to American soldiers?

Back 18

They were being impressed.

Front 19

What is impressment?

Back 19

Soldiers were being kidnapped by the British navy and being forced to serve in that navy. The British claimed the Americans were British deserters.

Front 20

What else did American ships have to deal with?

Back 20

Piracy, or robbery at sea.

Front 21

What did the US do to try to help the piracy situation?

Back 21

They paid a tribute to the Barbary State rulers in exchange for safety for American ships but the ruler of Tripoli demanded more and declared war on the US.

Front 22

How did the US respond to Tripoli declaring war on our country?

Back 22

They fought back. But after a year a peace treaty was signed.

Front 23

Was the treaty effective?

Back 23

No, ships continued to be raided in the Mediterranean.

Front 24

What did Jefferson propose?

Back 24

An embargo.

Front 25

What is an embargo?

Back 25

A government order that forbids trade with another country.

Front 26

How did the Embargo Act affect Americans?

Back 26

They were hurt more than anyone else 55,000 sailors lost their jobs.

Front 27

Did the Embargo Act stay in effect?

Back 27

No, it was repealed.

Front 28

How did President Madison try to protect American sailors?

Back 28

He offered France and Great Britain a deal; if they stopped attacking American ships, we would stop trading with their enemies.

Front 29

How did France and Great Britain respond to Madison's proposal?

Back 29

France agreed but the British continue to seize American ships and impress American sailors.

Front 30

What was going on in the US with the Indians at this time?

Back 30

As American settlers began moving into the Ohio and Mississippi Valleys, the Indians began to fight back, armed with British guns.

Front 31

How did American respond to the Indian attacks?

Back 31

They were outraged and felt that they needed to make the frontier safe for settlers.

Front 32

How did they propose making the frontier safe?

Back 32

The US thought they needed to drive the British out of Canada so that it could be added to the US.

Front 33

What did James Madison decide to do?

Back 33

Madison decided to abandon isolationism.

Front 34

What did he request that Congress do?

Back 34

At Madison's request, Congress declared war on Great Britain on July 17, 1812.

Front 35

Did the US forces easily conquer Canada?

Back 35

No. They were forced back by British forces several times. Despite capturing a British fleet on Lake Erie, they were forced back by British troops.

Front 36

Where did the British attack in the US?

Back 36

The British burned buildings in Washington DC and they bombarded Fort McHenry in Maryland.

Front 37

Were the British victorious in Maryland?

Back 37

No, the American flag still flew.

Front 38

How strong were the British troops at this point?

Back 38

They were weakening as was their desire to continue.

Front 39

British leaders in the US were unaware that the leaders in Britain were losing their desire to continue. What did they do?

Back 39

They sent more than 7,500 troops to New Orleans.

Front 40

Who were the British troops met by?

Back 40

General Andrew Jackson and his troops.

Front 41

What had the leaders in Britain done prior to the troops marching to New Orleans?

Back 41

They signed the Treaty of Ghent ending the war. The British lost around 2,000 troops unnecessarily.

Front 42

Who won the war of 1812?

Back 42

No one really though both claimed victory.

Front 43

What resulted after the war?

Back 43

Impressments and ship seizures faded, Indian resistance in the Northwest Territory weakened, and national pride surged.

Front 44

What policy did President Monroe embrace?

Back 44

He returned the country to its policy of isolationism.

Front 45

Where were conflicts beginning to rise up?

Back 45

Latin American countries were starting to rise up against Spain.

Front 46

What did President Monroe announce?

Back 46

The Monroe Doctrine

Front 47

What did the Monroe Doctrine state?

Back 47

The Monroe Doctrine stated that North and South America were "free and independent" and could not be colonized by any European powers.

Front 48

How did Europeans feel about the Monroe Doctrine?

Back 48

They did like it and thought Monroe was arrogant.

Front 49

How did Americans feel about the Monroe Doctrine?

Back 49

They cheered the message.

Front 50

What became the US foreign policy in the years ahead?

Back 50

The Monroe Doctrine joined isolationism as our foreign policy. The US became a strong and confident nation.