Chapter 12 Apush

Front 1

Isolationism

Back 1

is the idea that a country should separate itself from everything and avoid entangling alliances and war and also become economically independent.

Front 2

John C Calhoun

Back 2

the leader of South Carolina's offensive to nullify the Tariff of 1832. Saw nullification as a way of preserving the union.

Front 3

Washington Irving

Back 3

Was an America writer in the 1820s and recieved international recognition and helped American textbooks be used in school instead of British textbooks. It started American Literature and the recording of American history. He wrote "The Legend of Sleeping Hollow".

Front 4

Fletcher V Peck 1810

Back 4

Georgia legislature granted 35 million acres to private speculators; the next legislature cancelled the bribery-induced transaction. John Marshall let the state give the acres to the private speculators calling it a contract and constitutional. The decision protected property rights against popular pressures.

Front 5

Gibbons v Ogden 1824

Back 5

grew out of an attempt by the state of New York to grant to a private concern a monopoly of waterborne commerce between New York and New Jersey. (Meaning that no other company could use the waterway.) New York lost.

Front 6

Monroe doctinre 1823

Back 6

President Monroe, in his annual address to Congress, stated a stern warning to the European powers. Its two basic features were non-colonization and nonintervention.
Monroe stated that the era of colonization in the Americas was over.
Monroe also warned against foreign intervention. He warned Britain to stay out of the Western Hemisphere, and stated that the United States would not intervene in foreign wars.

Front 7

Panic of 1819

Back 7

The Panic of 1819 was the first financial panic since President Washington took office. The main cause was the over-speculation in frontier lands.
The Bank of the United States became a financial devil to western farmers because it foreclosed many farms.

Front 8

Florida 1819 Purchase Treat (Onís Teaty)

Back 8

Spain ceded Florida, as well as Spanish claims to Oregon in exchange for America's abandonment of claims to Texas.

Front 9

McCulloch V Maryland 1819

Back 9

involved an attempt by the state of Maryland to destroy a branch of the Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on the Bank's notes. John Marshall declared the U.S. Bank constitutional by invoking the Hamiltonian doctrine of implied powers. He strengthened federal authority and slapped at state infringements when he denied the right of Maryland to tax the Bank.

Front 10

"Peculiar Institution"

Back 10

Widely used term for the institute of American Slavery in the South. Its use in the first half of the 19th century reflected a growing division between North and South

Front 11

Dartmouth College V Woodward 1819

Back 11

Dartmouth College was given a charter by King George III but New Hampshire wanted to take it away. John Marshall ruled in favor of the college. This case establishes the power of a contract. A contract is sancity and contracts can come in all different forms. This case helps promote industry and corporations because anytime you had a contract you would have to fulfill it.

Front 12

American System 1820s

Back 12

Henry Clay developed a plan for a profitable home market. It was called the American System. It had 3 main parts:
A strong banking system, to provide easy and abundant credit.
A protective tariff, behind which eastern manufacturing would flourish.
A network of roads and canals.

Front 13

Cohens V Virginia (1821)

Back 13

involved the Cohens appealing to the Supreme Court for being found guilty of illegally selling lottery tickets by the state of Virginia. Virginia won and the conviction was withheld.

Front 14

Treaty of Ghent 1815

Back 14

Ghent, Belgium, was an armistice. John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay went to Ghent for the signing. Both sides stopped fighting and conquered territory was restored.

Front 15

Missouri Compromise 1820

Back 15

Henry Clay introduced the compromise that decided whether or not Missouri would be admitted as a slave state. Congress decided to admit Missouri as a slave state in 1820. But, Maine, which was apart of Massachusetts, was to be admitted as a separate, free state. Therefore, there were 12 slave states and 12 free states.

Front 16

Hartford Convention 1814-1815

Back 16

Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island met in 1814 in Hartford, Connecticut for a secret meeting to discuss their disgust of the war and to redress their grievances. The Hartford Convention's final report demanded:
Financial assistance from Washington to compensate for lost trade from embargos.
Constitutional amendments requiring a 2/3 vote in Congress before an embargo could be imposed, new states admitted, or war declared.
The abolition of slavery.
That a President could only serve 1 term.
The abolition of the 3/5 clause.
The prohibition of the election of 2 successive Presidents from the same state.
The Hartford resolutions marked the death of the Federalist party.

Front 17

Battle of Thames 1813

Back 17

General Harrison's army overtook the British at Detroit and Fort Malden in the Battle of the Thames in October 1813.

Front 18

John Quincy Adams

Back 18

Secretary of State to James Monroe. Got Henry Clay do the the American System. Also the 6th president. He also convinced Monroe to be weary of the Canning proposal and issue the monroe doctrine

Front 19

John Marshall

Back 19

Federalist judge on the supreme court whose decisions shaped the powers of the federal governments. He kept federalism alive.

Front 20

Tariff of 1816

Back 20

Congress instituted the 1st protective tariff, the Tariff of 1816, primarily for protection. British companies were trying to make American factories die off by selling their British goods for much less than the American factories. The tariff placed a 20-25% tax on the value of dutiable imports. Over time, the tax price continued to rise, creating problems of no competition between companies.

Front 21

Thomas Mcdonough

Back 21

naval officer who forced the invading British army near Plattsburgh to retreat on September 11, 1814; he saved the upper New York from conquest.

Front 22

Second Banked of the United States 1816

Back 22

Was rechartered after the war of 1812 and was a big part in the american system by giving abundant credit but also lead to the panic of 1813 when they invested too much into the west.

Front 23

James Monroe

Back 23

He was the 5th president of the United States and was a member of the Virginia Dynasty. He started the Era of Good Feelings, an the Monroe Doctrine, he main gift to the country was he ability to rise nationalism.